【摘要】：生長(zhǎng)激素(growth hormone,GH)在行使其功能時(shí)需要經(jīng)歷一系列的過(guò)程,包括從垂體分泌和進(jìn)入血液循環(huán)到達(dá)靶器官或細(xì)胞(受體前過(guò)程)以及和生長(zhǎng)激素受體(GH receptor,GHR)結(jié)合并引發(fā)細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)(受體后過(guò)程)。胰島素可以直接或間接地影響這些過(guò)程。GH從垂體的生長(zhǎng)激素分泌細(xì)胞中分泌需要依賴于下丘腦釋放的生長(zhǎng)激素釋放激素(GH-releasing hor-mone,GHRH)和生長(zhǎng)激素抑制素(somatostatin,SS),在生理或病理?xiàng)l件下,胰島素可以對(duì)這兩種激素以及GH分泌細(xì)胞施加不同影響,從而干預(yù)GH的分泌及循環(huán)水平。血糖、血脂以及飲食習(xí)慣都可以改變胰島素對(duì)GH的影響。胰島素還能通過(guò)影響GHR的敏感性,以及影響胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子-1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1),進(jìn)而影響GH。受體后過(guò)程也是GH行使功能的重要一環(huán),細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)依賴于信號(hào)通路完成。GH信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)通路和胰島素的信號(hào)通路有部分交叉,這使得兩者的信號(hào)可以相互作用,胰島素通過(guò)這種作用對(duì)GH的信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生影響。還有很多因素可以改變胰島素對(duì)GH的影響,包括細(xì)胞因子信號(hào)抑制物、GHR敏感性以及JAK2蛋白和胰島素受體底物間的相互作用,且隨著胰島素濃度升高和作用時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),胰島素對(duì)GH的影響趨向于增強(qiáng)。但胰島素的濃度和時(shí)間對(duì)GH分泌和細(xì)胞內(nèi)信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)的具體影響還未完全闡明。胰島素和SS的關(guān)系也有待進(jìn)一步研究。
[Abstract]:Growth hormone (growth hormone,GH) needs to go through a series of processes in the exercise of its function, including the secretion and entry of pituitary into the blood circulation to the target organ or cell (prereceptor process) and the binding to growth hormone receptor (GH receptor,GHR) and initiation of intracellular signal transduction (post-receptor process). Insulin can directly or indirectly affect these processes. GH secretes growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-releasing hor-mone,GHRH) and growth hormone inhibin (somatostatin,SS) from pituitary growth hormone secreting cells. Under physiological or pathological conditions, insulin can exert different effects on these two hormones and GH secretory cells, thus interfering with the secretion and circulation of GH. Blood sugar, blood lipids and eating habits can change the effect of insulin on GH. Insulin can also affect GH. by affecting the sensitivity of GHR and insulin-like growth factor-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF 鈮，

本文編號(hào)：2524720