【摘要】：生長激素(growth hormone,GH)在行使其功能時需要經(jīng)歷一系列的過程,包括從垂體分泌和進入血液循環(huán)到達靶器官或細胞(受體前過程)以及和生長激素受體(GH receptor,GHR)結(jié)合并引發(fā)細胞內(nèi)信號轉(zhuǎn)導(受體后過程)。胰島素可以直接或間接地影響這些過程。GH從垂體的生長激素分泌細胞中分泌需要依賴于下丘腦釋放的生長激素釋放激素(GH-releasing hor-mone,GHRH)和生長激素抑制素(somatostatin,SS),在生理或病理條件下,胰島素可以對這兩種激素以及GH分泌細胞施加不同影響,從而干預GH的分泌及循環(huán)水平。血糖、血脂以及飲食習慣都可以改變胰島素對GH的影響。胰島素還能通過影響GHR的敏感性,以及影響胰島素樣生長因子-1(insulin-like growth factor 1,IGF-1),進而影響GH。受體后過程也是GH行使功能的重要一環(huán),細胞內(nèi)信號轉(zhuǎn)導依賴于信號通路完成。GH信號轉(zhuǎn)導通路和胰島素的信號通路有部分交叉,這使得兩者的信號可以相互作用,胰島素通過這種作用對GH的信號轉(zhuǎn)導產(chǎn)生影響。還有很多因素可以改變胰島素對GH的影響,包括細胞因子信號抑制物、GHR敏感性以及JAK2蛋白和胰島素受體底物間的相互作用,且隨著胰島素濃度升高和作用時間延長,胰島素對GH的影響趨向于增強。但胰島素的濃度和時間對GH分泌和細胞內(nèi)信號轉(zhuǎn)導的具體影響還未完全闡明。胰島素和SS的關(guān)系也有待進一步研究。
[Abstract]:Growth hormone (growth hormone,GH) needs to go through a series of processes in the exercise of its function, including the secretion and entry of pituitary into the blood circulation to the target organ or cell (prereceptor process) and the binding to growth hormone receptor (GH receptor,GHR) and initiation of intracellular signal transduction (post-receptor process). Insulin can directly or indirectly affect these processes. GH secretes growth hormone releasing hormone (GH-releasing hor-mone,GHRH) and growth hormone inhibin (somatostatin,SS) from pituitary growth hormone secreting cells. Under physiological or pathological conditions, insulin can exert different effects on these two hormones and GH secretory cells, thus interfering with the secretion and circulation of GH. Blood sugar, blood lipids and eating habits can change the effect of insulin on GH. Insulin can also affect GH. by affecting the sensitivity of GHR and insulin-like growth factor-1 (insulin-like growth factor-1, IGF 鈮，

本文編號：2524720