本文選題：光聲成像技術(shù) + 前列腺癌��； 參考：《福建師范大學(xué)》2016年博士論文

【摘要】：光聲成像技術(shù)是一種非常有前景的前列腺早期檢測(cè)與成像的新技術(shù)。本論文關(guān)注長(zhǎng)焦區(qū)聚焦式光聲成像技術(shù)在前列腺癌檢測(cè)中的應(yīng)用,依據(jù)一種通過(guò)尿道對(duì)前列腺實(shí)施光聲激發(fā),利用外置于直腸內(nèi)的長(zhǎng)焦區(qū)聚焦式超聲換能器檢測(cè)光聲信號(hào)的前列腺光聲掃描成像技術(shù)路線,系統(tǒng)展開(kāi)了包括前列腺光吸收分布、成像系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)建、仿體實(shí)驗(yàn)及信息提取等內(nèi)容的研究,取得了一些成果,論文的創(chuàng)新性主要包括以下幾個(gè)方面：一、為理解光源內(nèi)部輻照時(shí)前列腺組織中的光分布特點(diǎn),指導(dǎo)光聲成像系統(tǒng)構(gòu)建時(shí)光源的優(yōu)化選擇和光聲信號(hào)補(bǔ)償,構(gòu)建了兩種彌散光源內(nèi)部輻照前列腺組織的Monte Carlo模型,比較研究了其光吸收分布特點(diǎn),并進(jìn)一步發(fā)展為嵌腫瘤前列腺模型,開(kāi)展了腫瘤光吸收差異的比較研究。二、關(guān)注不同位置的光能量時(shí)間變化關(guān)系以及光聲信號(hào)產(chǎn)生,展開(kāi)了前列腺組織光吸收時(shí)間分布的Monte Carlo模擬,利用光聲信號(hào)與光吸收能量的關(guān)系,得到腫瘤附近不同位置的相對(duì)光聲信號(hào),并進(jìn)行了比較分析。有關(guān)結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)基本一致,體現(xiàn)出體內(nèi)光聲激發(fā)在提高成像深度的優(yōu)勢(shì),為前列腺光聲成像系統(tǒng)中光聲激發(fā)方式的優(yōu)化選擇提供了進(jìn)一步的指導(dǎo)依據(jù),也為將來(lái)進(jìn)行模擬光聲成像及提高探測(cè)準(zhǔn)確度和光聲成像深度提供了一種潛在的方法。三、根據(jù)模擬結(jié)果,給出了所提的一種新型的面向前列腺癌診斷的尿道光聲激發(fā)直腸處聚焦式光聲掃描成像技術(shù)的原理與方法,并在實(shí)驗(yàn)室現(xiàn)有條件下搭建了初步的光聲成像實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng),介紹了系統(tǒng)的硬件組成,對(duì)系統(tǒng)的特性做了一定的檢測(cè)。最后實(shí)驗(yàn)表明了該成像系統(tǒng)具有實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)光纖插入的能力,可用于可視化激發(fā)光源經(jīng)尿道的插入過(guò)程以確保合適的光源位置。四、對(duì)柱彌散光源和側(cè)向光纖光源兩種內(nèi)部激發(fā)光源分別進(jìn)行了成像實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。首先通過(guò)設(shè)計(jì)仿體實(shí)驗(yàn)表明系統(tǒng)的成像特性,最后將成像系統(tǒng)成功運(yùn)用到實(shí)際生物組織樣品的成像實(shí)驗(yàn)中,并對(duì)這種光聲成像技術(shù)在前列腺癌中的應(yīng)用做了初步的探索,在犬的離體前列腺樣品進(jìn)一步得到驗(yàn)證。五、基于柱彌散光源的體內(nèi)光輻照,提出一種吸收體光聲成像和光學(xué)吸收系數(shù)同時(shí)測(cè)量的無(wú)損光聲方法。通過(guò)組織內(nèi)病變體吸收系數(shù)的測(cè)量,可反映出病變程度,同時(shí)結(jié)合二維掃描得到光聲圖像可用于病變體的定位和尺寸測(cè)量,對(duì)于前列腺腫瘤的臨床監(jiān)測(cè)和治療有重要參考意義,也可應(yīng)用于吸收增強(qiáng)的介入式腫瘤光熱治療過(guò)程。
[Abstract]:Photoacoustic imaging is a promising new technique for early detection and imaging of prostate. This paper focuses on the application of focusing photoacoustic imaging in the detection of prostate cancer, based on the photoacoustic stimulation of prostate through urethra. The light absorption distribution of prostate and the construction of imaging system were carried out by using the long focal area focused ultrasonic transducer outside the rectum to detect the photoacoustic signal of the prostate. Some achievements have been made in the research of imitation experiment and information extraction. The innovation of this paper mainly includes the following aspects: first, in order to understand the light distribution characteristics of prostate tissue when irradiated by light source, In order to guide the construction of photoacoustic imaging system, the optimal selection of light source and the compensation of photoacoustic signal were used to construct the Monte Carlo model of prostate tissue irradiated by two kinds of diffused light sources, and the characteristics of light absorption distribution were compared and studied. And further developed into the model of embedded tumor prostate, the comparative study of the difference of light absorption of tumor was carried out. Secondly, we pay attention to the relationship between the time variation of light energy and the production of photoacoustic signal at different positions, and develop the Monte Carlo simulation of light absorption time distribution of prostate tissue, using the relation between photoacoustic signal and optical absorption energy. The relative photoacoustic signals at different locations near the tumor were obtained and compared. The results are basically consistent with the experiment, which shows the superiority of photoacoustic excitation in improving the imaging depth in vivo, and provides a further guidance basis for the optimization of photoacoustic excitation mode in the prostate photoacoustic imaging system. It also provides a potential method for simulating photoacoustic imaging and improving detection accuracy and depth of photoacoustic imaging. Thirdly, according to the simulation results, the principle and method of a new type of photoacoustic scanning technique for diagnosis of prostate cancer, which is focused on the rectum of urethra photoacoustic excitation, is presented. A preliminary photoacoustic imaging experimental system is built under the existing conditions in the laboratory. The hardware composition of the system is introduced, and the characteristics of the system are tested to a certain extent. Finally, the experimental results show that the imaging system can monitor the insertion of optical fiber in real time and can be used to visualize the transurethral insertion of the excited light source to ensure the proper position of the light source. Fourth, two kinds of internal excitation light sources, column dispersion light source and lateral fiber source, are studied by imaging experiments. At first, the imaging characteristics of the system are demonstrated by designing the phantom experiment. Finally, the imaging system is successfully applied to the imaging experiment of the actual biological tissue sample, and the application of this photoacoustic imaging technology in prostate cancer is explored. Samples of isolated prostate in dogs were further verified. Fifth, a nondestructive photoacoustic method for simultaneous measurement of absorber photoacoustic imaging and optical absorption coefficient is proposed. The degree of the lesion can be reflected by the measurement of the absorption coefficient of the lesion in the tissue, and the photoacoustic image can be used to locate and measure the size of the lesion, which is of great significance for the clinical monitoring and treatment of prostate tumor. It can also be used in absorption-enhanced photothermal therapy of interventional tumor.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：R737.25;R730.4

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