【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界,經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化在不斷加強(qiáng),國與國之間的聯(lián)系日益緊密,跨國洗錢犯罪也顯得更加富有時(shí)代性。隨著科技的日新月異以及金融服務(wù)的全球化,使得與犯罪有關(guān)的金融問題也變得日益復(fù)雜。作為經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的產(chǎn)物之一,洗錢犯罪越發(fā)成為一種智能型犯罪,嚴(yán)重危害到各國的法律、經(jīng)濟(jì)及政治安全。洗錢的上游犯罪一般發(fā)生在各國國內(nèi),但是洗錢行為本身具有國際化特征,如洗錢活動(dòng)往往在兩個(gè)以上的國家進(jìn)行。隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化帶來的國家之間經(jīng)濟(jì)交流的不斷深入、資本國際化引起國與國之間在資本的利用和流通上的便利,再加上高度發(fā)達(dá)與先進(jìn)的信息技術(shù)為洗錢活動(dòng)提供了更為隱蔽的外衣,導(dǎo)致洗錢犯罪在世界各國日益猖獗,并與走私、入口販賣、販毒、黑社會(huì)性質(zhì)組織犯罪、偷稅漏稅、貪污賄賂等犯罪活動(dòng)有著千絲萬縷的聯(lián)系。洗錢的嚴(yán)重危害,已經(jīng)引起各國政府的高度重視。其不僅破壞社會(huì)信用基礎(chǔ),也嚴(yán)重威脅到法律穩(wěn)定、經(jīng)濟(jì)金融安全和社會(huì)安定。洗錢給本國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和政治穩(wěn)定帶來的嚴(yán)重危害,讓各國政府不得不高度重視這一問題。各國聯(lián)合起來,進(jìn)行有效的協(xié)調(diào)與合作,加大力度打擊洗錢犯罪,已經(jīng)成為國際社會(huì)的共識(shí),也是各國開展法律、政治與經(jīng)濟(jì)合作的重要基礎(chǔ)。從1988年聯(lián)合國《禁止非法販運(yùn)麻醉藥品和精神藥物公約》開始,國際社會(huì)在制定控制洗錢以及相關(guān)犯罪的國際法律規(guī)則方面正不斷取得突破性進(jìn)展。聯(lián)合國有關(guān)公約,如《禁止非法販運(yùn)麻醉藥品和精神藥物公約》、《聯(lián)合國打擊跨國有組織犯罪公約》、《聯(lián)合國制止向恐怖主義提供資助的國際公約》和《聯(lián)合國反腐敗公約》以及國際規(guī)范文件如《四十條建議》、《九條特別建議》等,各種國際性公約、國際性法律文件以及各國國內(nèi)法對洗錢犯罪的相關(guān)規(guī)定,均已呈現(xiàn)出對洗錢的上游犯罪的范圍進(jìn)行擴(kuò)大化規(guī)定的趨勢。本文通過考察研究國際公約、相關(guān)的國際規(guī)范法律文件以及世界各國國內(nèi)法對洗錢罪上游犯罪范圍的規(guī)定,通過探討這些規(guī)定在反跨國洗錢犯罪實(shí)踐的指導(dǎo)作用,得出擴(kuò)大洗錢罪上游犯罪范圍在立法上有利于打擊日益猖獗的洗錢犯罪,有助于維護(hù)國際金融政治體系的穩(wěn)定與平衡,促進(jìn)國際社會(huì)在打擊洗錢犯罪方面的協(xié)調(diào)與一致。這一結(jié)論對我國的洗錢立法也具有重要的啟示意義,特別是目前在我國國內(nèi)各學(xué)者對這一問題所持的不同的觀點(diǎn)以及所取得的不同研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合我國在這一問題上的立法實(shí)踐,同時(shí)對國際社會(huì)的各項(xiàng)規(guī)定加以參考,本文最終得出我國應(yīng)當(dāng)擴(kuò)大洗錢罪上游犯罪的范圍的結(jié)論,并重點(diǎn)討論我們應(yīng)將洗錢罪上游犯罪范圍擴(kuò)充到何種程度為宜這一問題。
[Abstract]:In today's world, the economic globalization is strengthening, the relation between countries is getting closer and closer, the transnational money laundering crime also appears to be more modern. With the rapid development of technology and the globalization of financial services, crime-related financial problems become increasingly complex. As one of the products of economic globalization, the crime of money laundering has become an intelligent crime, seriously endangering the legal, economic and political security of various countries. The predicate crime of money laundering usually occurs in each country, but the money laundering itself has the characteristic of internationalization, for example, the money laundering is often carried out in more than two countries. With the deepening of economic exchanges among countries brought about by economic globalization, the internationalization of capital leads to the convenience of the utilization and circulation of capital among countries. Coupled with the fact that highly developed and advanced information technology has provided a more covert cover for money laundering activities, leading to the increasingly rampant crime of money-laundering in various countries around the world, and with smuggling, import trafficking, drug trafficking, organized crimes of a triad nature, and tax evasion, Corruption and bribery and other criminal activities are inextricably linked. The serious harm of money laundering has caused great attention by the governments of all countries. It not only destroys the social credit basis, but also threatens the legal stability, economic and financial security and social stability. Money laundering brings serious harm to our country's economic development and political stability, so governments have to attach great importance to this problem. It has become the consensus of the international community to unite, coordinate and cooperate effectively and strengthen the efforts to combat the crime of money laundering. It is also an important foundation for countries to carry out legal, political and economic cooperation. Since the United Nations Convention against illicit Traffic in Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances of 1988, the international community has made a breakthrough in formulating international legal rules for the control of money-laundering and related crimes. The relevant United Nations conventions, such as the Convention against illicit Traffic in Narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances, the United Nations Convention against Transnational organized Crime, The United Nations International Convention for the suppression of the financing of Terrorism and the United Nations Convention against Corruption, as well as international normative documents such as the Forty recommendations, the Nine Special recommendations, and other international conventions, The international legal documents as well as the relevant provisions of the domestic laws of various countries have shown the trend of enlarging the scope of the predicate offences of money laundering. By investigating and studying the international conventions, relevant international normative legal documents and the provisions of the domestic laws of countries all over the world on the scope of predicate offences of money laundering, this paper discusses the guiding role of these provisions in the practice of anti-transnational money-laundering crimes. It is concluded that expanding the scope of predicate crime of money laundering crime is conducive to the fight against the increasingly rampant crime of money laundering, helps to maintain the stability and balance of the international financial and political system, and promotes the coordination and consistency of the international community in the fight against the crime of money laundering. This conclusion also has the important enlightenment significance to our country's money laundering legislation, especially on the basis of the different viewpoints and the different research results of the domestic scholars on this issue. Combining the legislative practice of our country on this issue, and referring to the provisions of the international community, this paper finally draws the conclusion that our country should expand the scope of the predicate crime of money laundering crime. The paper also discusses the extent to which the predicate crime of money laundering should be extended.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3

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