術(shù)前應(yīng)用氯胺酮復(fù)合右美托咪定對老年人術(shù)后譫妄的影響
發(fā)布時間:2018-09-07 12:44
【摘要】:研究背景:術(shù)后譫妄(POD)常見于接受大型手術(shù)的老年患者,增加患者術(shù)后護(hù)理難度,延長住院時間并且引起死亡率的增加;其常見于術(shù)后3天,發(fā)生率為10%至80%。術(shù)后譫妄的病理生理機(jī)制尚不明確,可能與認(rèn)知功能改變有關(guān)。其發(fā)病的危險因素可能有老齡、低氧血癥、低碳酸血癥、嚴(yán)重疼痛等。既往研究中,氯胺酮和右美托咪定分別被成功應(yīng)用于預(yù)防術(shù)后譫妄。 實驗?zāi)康模罕狙芯繑M觀察在擇期行腹部手術(shù)的老年患者中,術(shù)前合用小劑量氯胺酮和右美托咪定(ketodex)對老年人術(shù)后譫妄的影響。 方法:在該前瞻、隨機(jī)和雙盲研究中,45名65歲以上,體重41-90kg, ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ級,擇期于全身麻醉下行腹部手術(shù)的患者分為兩組,均于入室前30min肌注阿托品0.5mg,苯巴比妥100mg。其中ketodex組共23名患者,于全身麻醉誘導(dǎo)前5min靜脈滴注給予右美托咪定(0.1μg/kg)和氯胺酮(0.5mg/kg);對照組22名患者于全身麻醉誘導(dǎo)前5min給予相同容量的生理鹽水。術(shù)中予以靜吸復(fù)合維持麻醉,持續(xù)監(jiān)測ECG、無創(chuàng)及有創(chuàng)血壓、SP02、呼氣末二氧化碳。術(shù)后連續(xù)3天與患者陪護(hù)或貼身護(hù)理的家屬交談,采用譫妄評估量表CAM量表)評估患者前1天譫妄的發(fā)生情況。依次詢問患者陪護(hù)表中4個問題并描述患者前1天精神狀況及行為學(xué)表現(xiàn)。如患者具備前2個問題中的表現(xiàn)且同時有問題3或問題4中陽性表現(xiàn)則可診斷患者發(fā)生了譫妄。 統(tǒng)計分析兩組患者基本資料以及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥等統(tǒng)計學(xué)特征,比較兩組患者譫妄發(fā)生率及持續(xù)天數(shù)的差異。 CAM量表* 1.急性起。(判斷從前驅(qū)期到疾病發(fā)展期的時間)病人的精神狀況有急性變化的證據(jù)嗎?行為變化在過去的一天中有反復(fù)或者嚴(yán)重程度變化嗎? 2.注意障礙:(請患者按順序說出21到1之間的所有單數(shù))患者的注意力難以集中嗎?例如,容易注意渙散或難以交流嗎? 3.思維混亂:患者的思維是凌亂或不連貫的嗎?例如,談話主題散漫或不中肯,思維不清晰或不合邏輯,或從一個話題突然轉(zhuǎn)到另一話題? 4.意識水平的改變:總體上看,您覺得患者的意識水平是機(jī)敏(正常),警覺(對環(huán)境刺激高度警惕、過度敏感)嗜睡(瞌睡,但易于喚醒)或昏睡(難以喚醒)還是昏迷(不能喚醒)? 診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn):1+2+3/4為陽性即可診斷為譫妄 結(jié)果:最終39名患者完成研究,其中ketodex組20人,對照組19人;颊呋举Y料及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥組間無明顯差異。術(shù)后3天ketodex組有5人(25.00%)發(fā)生譫妄,對照組9人(47.37%)。兩組患者POD發(fā)生率差異不明顯(P0.05)。然而,對照組患者譫妄的持續(xù)天數(shù)較ketodex組患者長(1.89±0.601vs1.20±0.447,P0.05) 結(jié)論:擇期行腹部手術(shù)的老年患者,全身麻醉誘導(dǎo)前給予小劑量氯胺酮及右美托咪定不能顯著降低術(shù)后譫妄的發(fā)生率,但是可能縮短術(shù)后譫妄的持續(xù)時間。
[Abstract]:Background: postoperative delirium (POD) is common in elderly patients undergoing large-scale surgery, which increases postoperative nursing difficulty, prolongs hospitalization time and results in an increase in mortality, which occurs 3 days after operation, with an incidence rate of 10% to 80%. The pathophysiological mechanism of postoperative delirium is not clear and may be related to the change of cognitive function. Risk factors may include aging, hypoxemia, hypocapnia, severe pain, etc. In previous studies, ketamine and dexmetidine were successfully used to prevent postoperative delirium, respectively. Objective: to investigate the effect of low dose ketamine and dexmetidine (ketodex) on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods: in this prospective, randomized and double-blind study, 45 patients over 65 years old, weighing 41-90 kg, ASA 鈪,
本文編號:2228303
[Abstract]:Background: postoperative delirium (POD) is common in elderly patients undergoing large-scale surgery, which increases postoperative nursing difficulty, prolongs hospitalization time and results in an increase in mortality, which occurs 3 days after operation, with an incidence rate of 10% to 80%. The pathophysiological mechanism of postoperative delirium is not clear and may be related to the change of cognitive function. Risk factors may include aging, hypoxemia, hypocapnia, severe pain, etc. In previous studies, ketamine and dexmetidine were successfully used to prevent postoperative delirium, respectively. Objective: to investigate the effect of low dose ketamine and dexmetidine (ketodex) on postoperative delirium in elderly patients undergoing abdominal surgery. Methods: in this prospective, randomized and double-blind study, 45 patients over 65 years old, weighing 41-90 kg, ASA 鈪,
本文編號:2228303
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