本文選題：呼吸監(jiān)測 + 主流式��； 參考：《天津大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：呼吸末二氧化碳(ETCO2)在重癥監(jiān)護、傷員運輸以及其他醫(yī)療應(yīng)用中已經(jīng)成為一項重要工具。2005年美國麻醉師協(xié)會(ASA)頒布的新麻監(jiān)測標準中明確規(guī)定了手術(shù)中呼吸末二氧化碳監(jiān)測的要求。目前基于非分光紅外原理的呼吸二氧化碳濃度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)按照測量位置不同可分為:主流式監(jiān)測方式和旁流式監(jiān)測方式。主流式呼吸監(jiān)測由于直接在呼吸管道上進行測量,因而具有響應(yīng)速度快、不需預先處理等優(yōu)點。然而被監(jiān)測患者呼吸氣流中復雜的干擾因素和臨床應(yīng)用的嚴格要求限制了目前主流式呼吸二氧化碳濃度監(jiān)測設(shè)備在臨床監(jiān)測過程中的應(yīng)用。本研究針對主流式人體呼吸二氧化碳濃度在臨床監(jiān)測過程中的特殊要求和目前不足,對傳統(tǒng)的二氧化碳濃度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)進行改進,研制一種基于非分光技術(shù)(NDIR)的主流式呼吸二氧化碳濃度監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)。該主流式呼吸監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)采用高性能熱釋電紅外器件和低功耗處理器件,通過采用低頻調(diào)制技術(shù)和數(shù)字濾波技術(shù)準確實現(xiàn)對患者呼吸濃度信息的采集。之后根據(jù)人體呼吸氣流不同干擾因素的特點,使用一種信號分解補償方法對患者呼吸氣流中水蒸氣濃度和呼吸氣流流速變化干擾進行干擾補償,從而實時計算出被監(jiān)測患者呼吸二氧化碳濃度值。最后,監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)通過在預熱階段對自身標定系數(shù)進行線性補償,從而實現(xiàn)設(shè)備在更換管道適配器后或儀器長期使用過程中的自校準功能。測試實驗結(jié)果表明,該主流式呼吸系統(tǒng)能夠方便快捷的直接在呼吸管道上對人體呼吸二氧化碳濃度進行實時連續(xù)監(jiān)測,并且不需要對呼吸氣體進行任何預先處理。多名志愿者監(jiān)測結(jié)果顯示該系統(tǒng)能夠準確對呼吸末特征點的測量,具有良好的實時性。性能測試實驗顯示該系統(tǒng)監(jiān)測誤差為0.23 mmHg,長時間連續(xù)監(jiān)測過程中基準值漂移在1.42 mmHg以內(nèi),說明該系統(tǒng)在長期臨床監(jiān)測過程中仍然具有較高的測量精度和良好的穩(wěn)定性。因此該具備一定的臨床應(yīng)用價值。
[Abstract]:End of breath carbon dioxide (ETCO _ 2) in intensive care, Casualty transport and other medical applications have become an important tool. The new anesthesia monitoring standards issued by the American Association of Anesthesiologists (ASAA) in 2005 specify the requirements for monitoring end-respiratory carbon dioxide during surgery. At present, the monitoring system of respiratory carbon dioxide concentration based on non-spectroscopic infrared principle can be divided into mainstream monitoring mode and side-flow monitoring method according to the measuring position. The mainstream respiratory monitoring has the advantages of high response speed and no need of pre-processing because it is measured directly on the respiratory pipeline. However, the complex interference factors in respiratory airflow and the strict requirements of clinical application limit the application of the current mainstream respiratory carbon dioxide concentration monitoring equipment in the clinical monitoring process. In this study, the traditional monitoring system of carbon dioxide concentration was improved to meet the special requirements and shortcomings in the clinical monitoring of the mainstream human respiratory carbon dioxide concentration. A mainstream respiratory carbon dioxide concentration monitoring system based on non-spectroscopic technique (NDIRs) was developed. The mainstream respiratory monitoring system uses high-performance pyroelectric infrared devices and low-power processing devices. The collection of patient respiratory concentration information is accurately realized by using low-frequency modulation technology and digital filtering technology. Then according to the characteristics of different interference factors of human respiratory airflow, a signal decomposition compensation method is used to compensate for the disturbance of the variation of water vapor concentration and flow velocity in the respiratory airflow of patients. Thus the respiratory carbon dioxide concentration of monitored patients was calculated in real time. Finally, the monitoring system compensates its calibration coefficient linearly in the preheating stage, so as to realize the self-calibration function of the equipment after replacing the pipeline adapter or during the long-term use of the instrument. The experimental results show that the mainstream respiratory system can monitor human respiratory carbon dioxide concentration directly and directly on the respiratory pipeline in real time and continuously, and does not need any pre-processing of respiratory gas. The monitoring results of many volunteers show that the system can accurately measure the characteristic points of the end of respiration and has good real-time performance. The performance test results show that the monitoring error of the system is 0.23mmHg, and the standard value drift is less than 1.42 mmHg during the long continuous monitoring process, which indicates that the system still has high measurement accuracy and good stability in the long-term clinical monitoring process. Therefore, it should have certain clinical application value.
【學位授予單位】：天津大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TP274

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