發(fā)布時間：2018-04-29 15:24

  本文選題：生物富集 + 臨界體內(nèi)殘余��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：有機污染物在環(huán)境中的遷移、轉(zhuǎn)化已經(jīng)引起人們的重視,越來越多的人開始關(guān)注有機污染物對生物體的毒性機理。根據(jù)有機物毒性作用類型,可以將其分為非極性麻醉型(基線)化合物、極性麻醉型(弱惰性)化合物、反應(yīng)型化合物和特殊作用型化合物,但如何詳細(xì)準(zhǔn)確的區(qū)分化合物毒性作用類型,目前還沒有統(tǒng)一的定論,是當(dāng)前毒性機理研究的熱點問題之一。 毒性比率(TR)是區(qū)分麻醉型化合物和反應(yīng)型化合物的有效工具,但是用毒性比率來區(qū)分麻醉型和反應(yīng)型化合物很容易受到實驗誤差等因素的干擾,因此一些作者提出,應(yīng)使用生物富集因子(BCF)計算得到的體內(nèi)效應(yīng)濃度或臨界體內(nèi)殘差值來計算毒性比率值,但是目前還沒有人研究生物富集因子在區(qū)分剩余毒性和基線效應(yīng)中的影響。 本文收集了951種化合物對魚的急性毒性數(shù)據(jù)(LC50)和1088種化合物的生物富集數(shù)據(jù),根據(jù)化合物結(jié)構(gòu)和官能團(tuán)將其分為56類。以文獻(xiàn)報道的基線和麻醉化合物為依據(jù),選取典型基線化合物和弱惰性化合物,分別建立基線和弱惰性化合物的毒性與辛醇/水分配系數(shù)(logLCso-logKow)和生物富集因子與辛醇/水分配系數(shù)(logBCF-logKow)方程,根據(jù)方程計算所有化合物的毒性比率,從而研究化合物毒性比率和生物富集因子的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,大部分文獻(xiàn)中普遍認(rèn)為的反應(yīng)型化合物均表現(xiàn)出剩余毒性,但有一部分反應(yīng)型化合物卻沒有表現(xiàn)剩余毒性。研究生物富集對毒性比率的影響發(fā)現(xiàn)生物富集因子與毒性比率密切相關(guān),對毒性比率會產(chǎn)生很大影響。用來區(qū)分反應(yīng)型化合物和麻醉型化合物的真正剩余毒性應(yīng)該以體內(nèi)效應(yīng)濃度為依據(jù),而不是以體外效應(yīng)濃度為依據(jù)。區(qū)分剩余毒性和基線效應(yīng)是以logBCF和logKow的線性相關(guān)為基礎(chǔ)的,但并不是所有化合物的logBCF都同logKow線性相關(guān)。當(dāng)化合物的logKow7或0時,其生物富集因子會被基線BCF線性模型低估或高估。通過基線化合物的生物富集模型計算得到化合物的logBCF值,logBCF預(yù)測值的高估或低估可能會導(dǎo)致基線、弱惰性和反應(yīng)性化合物的錯誤分類或錯誤預(yù)測。
[Abstract]:The migration and transformation of organic pollutants in the environment have attracted more and more attention, and more and more people have begun to pay attention to the toxic mechanism of organic pollutants to organisms. They can be classified into nonpolar anesthetic (baseline) compounds, polar anesthetic (weakly inert) compounds, reactive compounds and special acting compounds according to the type of toxic effects of organic compounds. However, there is no uniform conclusion on how to distinguish the toxicity types of compounds in detail and accurately, which is one of the hot issues in the study of toxicity mechanism. TRV is an effective tool for distinguishing anesthetic compounds from reactive compounds, but it is easy to be interfered by experimental errors by using toxicity ratios to distinguish anesthetic and reactive compounds. Therefore, some authors suggest, The bioconcentration or critical residual value should be used to calculate the toxicity ratio. However, no one has studied the effect of bioconcentration factor in distinguishing residual toxicity from baseline effect. The data of acute toxicity of 951 compounds to fish (LC50) and bioconcentration of 1088 compounds were collected and classified into 56 groups according to their structures and functional groups. Based on the reported baseline and anesthetic compounds, typical baseline compounds and weakly inert compounds were selected. The toxicity and octanol / water partition coefficients of baselines and weakly inert compounds, logLCso-logKowlogKowlogKowlogKowlogKowlol, and the bioconcentration factor and octanol / water partition coefficient logBCF-logKowo equations were established, respectively, and the toxicity ratios of all compounds were calculated according to the equations. The relationship between toxicity ratio and bioconcentration factor was studied. The results showed that most of the reactive compounds in the literature showed residual toxicity, but some of them showed no residual toxicity. The effect of bioconcentration on toxicity ratio is studied. It is found that bioconcentration factor is closely related to toxicity ratio and has great influence on toxicity ratio. The real residual toxicity used to distinguish reactive compounds from anesthetic compounds should be based on the concentration of in vivo effect rather than on the concentration of in vitro effect. The difference between residual toxicity and baseline effect is based on the linear correlation between logBCF and logKow, but not all compounds' logBCF is linearly correlated with logKow. When the logKow7 of the compound is 0, the bioconcentration factor is underestimated or overestimated by the baseline BCF linear model. The overestimation or underestimation of the logBCF value of the base compound obtained from the bioenrichment model of the baseline compound may lead to the misclassification or misprediction of the baseline, weak inertness and reactive compounds.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：X171.5

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本文編號：1820503