本文選題：嗅覺　切入點：僧帽細胞　出處：《中國科學(xué)院研究生院(武漢物理與數(shù)學(xué)研究所)》2014年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：嗅覺對于動物的生存來說十分重要,覓食、哺乳和躲避天敵等都需要利用嗅覺。嗅球(olfactory bulb, OB)作為嗅覺信息處理的第一級中樞,其編碼氣味信息的方式與大腦狀態(tài)緊密相關(guān),尤其是清醒狀態(tài)下,它對氣味信息的編碼方式與麻醉狀態(tài)下的編碼方式截然不同。目前對于清醒狀態(tài)下,OB對氣味編碼方式的了解還知之甚少。為了揭示清醒狀態(tài)下,OB對氣味的編碼方式,我們用電生理細胞外記錄的方式,記錄了不同大腦狀態(tài)下,OB僧帽細胞(mitral cell, MC)對氣味的反應(yīng)情況,通過分析和比較得到以下結(jié)果：1)通過記錄麻醉狀態(tài)下,嗅球MC對氣味信息的編碼情況,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)該狀態(tài)下,嗅球MC對氣味刺激具有較強的反應(yīng),同時也具備選擇性。2)通過記錄清醒頭部固定的小鼠嗅球MC對氣味的反應(yīng)情況,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)MC對氣味的選擇性較強。3)通過比較麻醉狀態(tài)和清醒狀態(tài)下獲得的數(shù)據(jù),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)清醒狀態(tài)下,嗅球MC對同種氣味反應(yīng)的變異系數(shù)顯著高于麻醉狀態(tài)下反應(yīng)的變異系數(shù),該結(jié)果提示清醒狀態(tài)下,嗅球MC對氣味的反應(yīng)是動態(tài)變化的。4)通過比較清醒靜止和運動狀態(tài)下,嗅球MC對氣味的反應(yīng)情況,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)運動狀態(tài)不影響MC對氣味反應(yīng)的變異性。5)通過go/no-go訓(xùn)練,使動物處于特定狀態(tài)中,記錄嗅球MC對氣味的反應(yīng)情況,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)動物在學(xué)會go/no-go任務(wù)以后,MC對氣味的反應(yīng)的變異性顯著降低。該結(jié)果提示,大腦狀態(tài)的改變可能是影響MC對氣味的反應(yīng)的重要因素之一。6)在清醒頭部固定的小鼠的OB內(nèi),我們記錄到發(fā)放的動作電位與θ振蕩相偶聯(lián)的這一類有特點的MC,結(jié)果顯示,這類MC發(fā)放的動作電位在大多數(shù)情況也同Y振蕩相偶聯(lián)。在受到氣味刺激前后,動作電位在θ或γ振蕩上的分布情況以及平均相位沒有發(fā)生較為顯著的變化。但是相位的分布模式受到了氣味刺激的影響。該結(jié)果提示這類MC的動作電位在θ或γ振蕩上的相位分布可能表征了與氣味相關(guān)的信息。
[Abstract]:Olfactory bulb (OB) is the first stage of olfactory information processing, and the way it encodes smell information is closely related to the state of the brain. Especially in a sober state, The way it encodes odour information is very different from that in anesthetic state. At present, very little is known about the smell coding mode of OB in awake state. In order to reveal how OB encodes smell in awake state, We recorded the responses of OB mitral cells (MCs) to odors in different brain states by electrophysiological extracellular recording, and by analyzing and comparing the following results: 1) under anaesthesia. The encoding of olfactory bulb MC to odor information, we found that in this state, olfactory bulb MC has a strong response to odour stimulation, and also has selectivity. 2) by recording the reaction of olfactory bulb MC to smell in mice with fixed head. We found that MC had stronger selectivity to odors. 3) by comparing the data obtained under anaesthesia and sobriety, we found that the coefficient of variation of the reaction of olfactory bulb MC to the same smell was significantly higher than that of the reaction under anaesthesia. The results suggested that the response of olfactory bulb MC to odour was dynamic. 4) the response of olfactory bulb MC to odor was compared with that of conscious static state and movement state. We found that the state of movement does not affect the variability of MC's response to smell. 5) through go/no-go training, the animals are in a specific state, and the reaction of the olfactory bulb MC to the smell is recorded. We found that the variability of MC response to odor decreased significantly after learning go/no-go task. The results suggested that changes in brain state might be one of the important factors affecting MC response to odor. 6) in OB of mice with fixed head. We have recorded this kind of characteristic MCs in which the emitted action potentials are coupled to theta oscillations. The results show that the action potentials released by this kind of MC are also coupled to Y oscillations in most cases. The distribution of action potential on 胃 or 緯 oscillations and the average phase did not change significantly, but the distribution pattern of phase was affected by odour stimulation. This result suggests that the action potential of this kind of MC is at 胃 or. The phase distribution on 緯-Oscillation may indicate odor-related information.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)院研究生院(武漢物理與數(shù)學(xué)研究所)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：Q434

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