本文選題：海馬　切入點(diǎn)：感覺信息　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：海馬是哺乳動(dòng)物負(fù)責(zé)學(xué)習(xí)與記憶的重要腦區(qū)。作為"在線(online)"信息處理系統(tǒng),在記憶的獲取和短期儲(chǔ)存過程中,活動(dòng)依賴的神經(jīng)可塑性變化在海馬環(huán)路發(fā)生,以存儲(chǔ)所經(jīng)歷的事件。目前的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,海馬作為多感覺模態(tài)的腦區(qū),對(duì)感覺信息的處理基于"稀疏編碼"這一原則,即某一感覺信息僅有少量海馬神經(jīng)元負(fù)責(zé)編碼。這一稀疏編碼的規(guī)則在海馬處理空間及非空間信息中均被報(bào)道。然而,目前對(duì)海馬稀疏編碼感覺信息的細(xì)胞及環(huán)路機(jī)制還不明確。本實(shí)驗(yàn)采用在體全細(xì)胞膜片鉗技術(shù),記錄視覺刺激在麻醉和清醒狀態(tài)下的成年嚙齒動(dòng)物海馬CA1錐體細(xì)胞誘發(fā)的活動(dòng),探索感覺信息在海馬CA1的表征機(jī)制及可能的生理意義。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),麻醉狀態(tài)下,閃光刺激只能在約30%的CA1錐體細(xì)胞上誘發(fā)反應(yīng),符合前人報(bào)道的海馬以稀疏編碼的方式處理感覺信息。而當(dāng)膜電位去極化時(shí),正常情況不起反應(yīng)的細(xì)胞均可對(duì)閃光刺激發(fā)生興奮性反應(yīng)。進(jìn)一步研究發(fā)現(xiàn),這一反應(yīng)由NMDA(N-methyl-D-aspartate)受體介導(dǎo),即來源于突觸后膜僅裝配有 NMDA 受體而無 AMPA(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid)受體的沉默型突觸。此外,當(dāng)該閃光刺激和突觸后細(xì)胞持續(xù)去極化配合出現(xiàn)時(shí),可在相應(yīng)的沉默型突觸誘發(fā)突觸增強(qiáng),即發(fā)生沉默型突觸的去沉默化,產(chǎn)生在正常情況下能對(duì)閃光刺激能起反應(yīng)的功能型突觸。接下來我們?cè)陬^清醒固定的成年小鼠上發(fā)現(xiàn),去極化CA1錐體細(xì)胞膜電位同樣可以使原本沒有反應(yīng)的細(xì)胞被閃光刺激誘發(fā)出興奮性反應(yīng)。而且在麻醉狀態(tài)下,通過接受特異性投射的方式,不同的視覺刺激在同一個(gè)CA1錐體細(xì)胞上引起不同的反應(yīng)。由此我們得到結(jié)論,海馬CA1錐體細(xì)胞上普遍分布的沉默型突觸接受廣泛且特異性的感覺投射,并介導(dǎo)具有生理意義的潛在反應(yīng)。這些在大量CA1錐體細(xì)胞上存在的、與感覺相關(guān)的沉默型突觸為海馬獲取和形成新記憶時(shí)發(fā)生的可塑性變化提供了空間。
[Abstract]:The hippocampus is an important area of the brain responsible for learning and memory in mammals. As an online information processing system, during the acquisition and short-term storage of memory, activity-dependent neural plasticity changes occur in the hippocampal loop. The current view is that the hippocampus, as a multi-sensory brain region, processes sensory information based on the principle of sparse coding. That is, only a small number of hippocampal neurons encode a certain sensory information. This sparse encoding rule is reported in both spatial and non-spatial information processing by the hippocampus. However, At present, the cell and loop mechanism of the sparse encoding of sensory information in the hippocampus is not clear. In this experiment, whole-cell patch clamp technique was used to record the activities induced by visual stimulation in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells in anesthetized and awake adult rodents. To explore the characterization mechanism and possible physiological significance of sensory information in hippocampal CA1, it was found that under anesthesia, flash stimulation could only induce response on about 30% of CA1 pyramidal cells. In accordance with previous reports, the hippocampus processes sensory information in a sparse coding manner. When the membrane potential is depolarized, the cells that do not respond to normal conditions can develop excitatory responses to flash stimuli. This response was mediated by the NMDAN-methyl-D-aspartatereceptor, that is, the silent synapse from which the postsynaptic membrane had only NMDA receptors and no 偽 -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acidotor. In addition, when the flash stimulation and the continuous depolarization of postsynaptic cells appeared, The synapses can be enhanced at the corresponding silent synapses, that is, the desilencing of the silencing synapses, resulting in functional synapses that normally respond to flash stimuli. Then we found them in adult mice with fixed heads. Depolarization of CA1 pyramidal cell membrane potential can also induce excitatory responses of previously unresponsive cells by flash stimulation, and in anesthetized state, by receiving specific projections, Different visual stimuli cause different responses to the same CA1 pyramidal cells. We conclude that the silent synapses widely distributed in the hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells receive extensive and specific sensory projections. These sensory silent synapses in a large number of CA1 pyramidal cells provide space for the plasticity of hippocampus to acquire and form new memories.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：Q42

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