本文關(guān)鍵詞： 毒品犯罪 法定刑 正當(dāng)性 重刑主義 輕緩化　出處：《華僑大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：毒品犯罪問題是當(dāng)今世界所共同面對(duì)的問題,我國面對(duì)毒品犯罪之猖獗,“重刑治毒”的刑罰態(tài)度在相當(dāng)程度上占據(jù)了治毒立法的重要地位,在刑事法上最明顯的表現(xiàn)就是泛犯罪化和重刑化。故而,本文擬對(duì)我國毒品犯罪之法定刑配置進(jìn)行探討,對(duì)域外毒品犯罪的刑法態(tài)度和刑罰適用模式進(jìn)行比較與借鑒,并在遵循法定刑配置的基本原則下針對(duì)我國毒品犯罪法定刑配置問題提出自己的觀點(diǎn)。目前我國毒品犯罪法定刑配置存在的突出問題是重刑主義顯著、罪刑失衡,其原因是“重刑治毒”的政策在相當(dāng)程度上秉承了中國重刑主義的法文化傳統(tǒng),且由于歷史情節(jié)的糾纏,我們?cè)谝欢ǔ潭壬峡浯罅硕酒穼?duì)社會(huì)的危害程度,況且,我國對(duì)毒品危害性的理解上具有片面性,并認(rèn)為毒品犯罪是不亞于暴力犯罪的最嚴(yán)重罪行,同時(shí)也忽視了毒品犯罪的危險(xiǎn)犯本質(zhì)。反觀域外,英美法系如美國、英國、香港等國家和地區(qū),對(duì)毒品犯罪采取刑法規(guī)制的重點(diǎn)不是重刑的適用,而是降低定罪標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以嚴(yán)密法網(wǎng),并重視打擊毒品犯罪延伸出的有關(guān)不法活動(dòng)而實(shí)施的一系列相關(guān)立法。其“查輯從嚴(yán)、判刑從寬”的刑罰方法和實(shí)用主義的經(jīng)驗(yàn)值得借鑒。大陸法系如德國、日本、臺(tái)灣的反毒政策采取的是全方位的管理模式,不僅對(duì)犯罪行為進(jìn)行懲治,更多的是對(duì)麻醉品的范圍及使用人群進(jìn)行設(shè)定以及采取預(yù)防、治療等措施的協(xié)助治理模式共同在反毒工作上各盡其力。雖其禁止范圍不斷擴(kuò)大,但刑罰并非嚴(yán)苛。在司法執(zhí)行時(shí)都是采取偏輕的刑罰處罰。其對(duì)戒治預(yù)防措施的重視配合偏輕的刑事政策的方式同樣對(duì)我們有益。若要完善我國毒品犯罪的法定刑配置,應(yīng)遵循罪刑均衡以及刑罰經(jīng)濟(jì)的基本原則。具體來說,應(yīng)當(dāng)立即廢除運(yùn)輸毒品罪的死刑,并結(jié)合我國實(shí)際情況逐步限制乃至廢除非法買賣、走私、制造毒品罪的死刑,取消毒品再犯制度的單獨(dú)配置,匹配合理的量刑標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和法定刑檔次等。
[Abstract]:The problem of drug crime is a common problem in the world today. In the face of rampant drug crime, the penalty attitude of "heavy punishment and drug control" occupies an important position in the legislation of drug control to a certain extent. The most obvious manifestation of criminal law is pan-criminalization and severe punishment. Therefore, this paper intends to discuss the legal punishment allocation of drug crimes in China. This paper compares and draws lessons from the attitude of criminal law and the applicable mode of penalty of foreign drug crime. And in accordance with the basic principles of the allocation of legal punishment in accordance with the allocation of our country's drug crime legal penalty to put forward their own point of view. At present, there is a prominent problem in the allocation of legal punishment of drug crimes in China is the prominent problem of the doctrine of heavy punishment. The imbalance between crime and punishment is due to the fact that the policy of "heavy punishment and drug control" to a certain extent inherits the legal and cultural tradition of China's doctrine of heavy punishment and is entangled by historical circumstances. To a certain extent, we exaggerate the harm of drugs to society. Moreover, our understanding of the harm of drugs is one-sided, and we believe that drug crimes are the most serious crimes no less than violent crimes. At the same time, the essence of dangerous crime of drug crime is ignored. In contrast to the extraterritorial, Anglo-American legal system such as the United States, Britain, Hong Kong and other countries and regions, the focus of criminal law on drug crimes is not the application of heavy punishment. It is to reduce the standard of conviction to strict law, and attach importance to the fight against drug crimes extended by a series of illegal activities and the implementation of a series of relevant legislation. The penalty method of lenient sentence and the experience of pragmatism should be used for reference. The anti-drug policy of civil law system such as Germany, Japan and Taiwan adopts a comprehensive management model, which not only punishes criminal acts. More on the scope of narcotic drugs and the use of the population to set up and take measures such as prevention, treatment and other measures to assist the governance model in the anti-drug work together to do their best, although its scope of prohibition continues to expand. But the penalty is not harsh. In the judicial execution is to take the lenient penalty punishment. Its to discipline and cure the preventive measure to cooperate with the light criminal policy way is also beneficial to us. If wants to consummate our country drugs crime the legal method. Torture configuration. We should abide by the basic principles of balance of crime and punishment and penalty economy. Specifically, we should abolish the death penalty for the crime of transporting drugs immediately, and gradually restrict and even abolish the illegal trade and smuggling according to the actual situation of our country. The death penalty for the crime of manufacturing drugs, the abolition of the separate allocation of the drug recidivism system, and the matching of reasonable sentencing standards and legal punishment levels.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華僑大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D924.3

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