本文關(guān)鍵詞：廣州市白云區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合區(qū)域6-8歲兒童口腔健康狀況調(diào)查分析，，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

        研究背景齲病是影響兒童健康的主要疾病之一,世界衛(wèi)生組織已將齲病列為3個(gè)重點(diǎn)防治疾病之一。我國(guó)第三次全國(guó)口腔健康流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,5歲兒童乳牙患齲率為66%,有96.7%的齲齒未經(jīng)治療,12歲兒童恒牙患齲率為28.9%,有88.8%的齲齒未經(jīng)治療,表明我國(guó)兒童乳牙患齲率較高,齲病充填率較低。6-8歲兒童處于乳恒牙交替期,大部分兒童的第一恒磨牙已經(jīng)萌出,近年來(lái)我國(guó)在全國(guó)范圍內(nèi)開展窩溝封閉防齲公共衛(wèi)生項(xiàng)目,“免費(fèi)窩溝封閉項(xiàng)目”被列為廣州市重大公共衛(wèi)生項(xiàng)目,同時(shí)乳牙齲病是恒牙齲患的危險(xiǎn)因素。同時(shí)口腔健康知識(shí)、口腔健康行為、口腔衛(wèi)生狀況、飲食因素、微生物因素、心理因素、社會(huì)文化因素和衛(wèi)生服務(wù)利用等因素均與齲病有關(guān),其中口腔衛(wèi)生是最重要的口腔疾病防治方面的因素,口腔健康依賴于一個(gè)人的態(tài)度。幾項(xiàng)研究揭示的口腔健康態(tài)度和行為直接關(guān)系兒童口腔健康狀況和齲病的發(fā)生,足夠的口腔健康知識(shí)能夠大大降低兒童齲病患病率。因此在兒童中加強(qiáng)口腔衛(wèi)生知識(shí)宣教,定期拜訪牙醫(yī),給予窩溝封閉及氟保護(hù)劑等防齲治療,不僅可以使兒童從小養(yǎng)成良好的生活習(xí)慣,提高健商,降低乳牙患齲的發(fā)生,而且有助于恒牙健康萌出,對(duì)降低恒牙患齲率亦有重要意義。研究目的1總目標(biāo)通過對(duì)廣州市白云區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合區(qū)域6-8歲兒童口腔健康狀況及其預(yù)防現(xiàn)況調(diào)查,分析學(xué)校、家庭、牙科防治服務(wù)提供等因素對(duì)患齲率、充填率的影響,發(fā)現(xiàn)存在的問題和薄弱環(huán)節(jié),提出進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)牙科防治服務(wù)與管理的對(duì)策措施。2具體目標(biāo)調(diào)查廣州市白云區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合區(qū)域二年級(jí)兒童的患齲率、充填率,通過由學(xué)生及家長(zhǎng)填寫問卷的形式了解學(xué)生的日常飲食習(xí)慣、口腔衛(wèi)生習(xí)慣、家庭情況等,探討影響兒童齲齒防治工作的因素并加以分析,從而提出進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)兒童齲齒防治工作的建議和措施。材料與方法1樣本量確定根據(jù)公式n=K*Q/P推算,n為受檢人數(shù),P為預(yù)期陽(yáng)性率,Q=1-P,K值是根據(jù)研究項(xiàng)目的允許誤差大小而決定,當(dāng)允許誤差為10%時(shí),K=400,當(dāng)允許誤差為15%時(shí),K=178,當(dāng)允許誤差為20%時(shí),K=100,結(jié)合《第三次全國(guó)口腔健康流行病學(xué)調(diào)查》廣東省5歲童患齲率為60%,允許誤差為10%,得到樣本量為267。2抽樣方法：采用整群、系統(tǒng)抽樣的方法。首先在廣州市白云區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合區(qū)域小學(xué)個(gè)數(shù)共分為45個(gè)群。對(duì)這些群進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)單隨機(jī)抽樣共抽取20所小學(xué),選取2年級(jí)小學(xué)生按照學(xué)號(hào)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)抽樣。調(diào)查結(jié)果去除無(wú)效樣本量后,選取6-8歲年齡段進(jìn)行分析。內(nèi)容包括姓名,性別,出生年月日等一般情況,專業(yè)調(diào)查項(xiàng)目有患齲情況,齲齒充填情況及第一恒磨牙萌出及患齲情況。3口腔檢查檢查內(nèi)容以“第三次全國(guó)口腔健康調(diào)查表”為基礎(chǔ),根據(jù)本次需要調(diào)整有關(guān)內(nèi)容并記錄齲病患病情況,診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)依據(jù)世界衛(wèi)生組織齲齒的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),在自然光源下,以視診結(jié)合探診的方式進(jìn)行。檢查器械包括口鏡和CPI探針。4問卷調(diào)查以《第三次全國(guó)口腔健康調(diào)查問卷》為基礎(chǔ)依據(jù)本次調(diào)查需要設(shè)計(jì)問卷并在班級(jí)向家長(zhǎng)統(tǒng)一發(fā)放,在填寫調(diào)查問卷之前,家長(zhǎng)需閱讀知情同意書并自愿簽字。問卷調(diào)查內(nèi)容共6類,包括：①社會(huì)人口學(xué)資料：性別、年齡、身高、體重、獨(dú)生子女與否、父母的職業(yè)及年齡等。②生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育情況：孕期母體情況、是否是早產(chǎn)兒、是否是低體重幾等。③飲食習(xí)慣：嬰幼兒小于6個(gè)月時(shí)的主要喂養(yǎng)食品,哺乳持續(xù)時(shí)間,入睡時(shí)是否含著奶嘴,是否吃零食,吃零食的時(shí)間等。④口腔保健：刷牙情況(開始刷牙的年齡、每天刷牙次數(shù)、通常使用的牙膏),飯后漱口情況,就診的情況(是否接受過口腔預(yù)防措施)等。⑤父母受教育程度。⑥家庭情況：家庭收入,孩子是否長(zhǎng)期缺乏父母臨護(hù),家長(zhǎng)口腔健康知識(shí)的知曉程度等。結(jié)果1175名6-8歲兒童乳牙患齲率為75.6%,乳牙齲均為3.66；第一恒磨牙萌出率為88.5%,第一恒磨牙患齲率為14.4%,隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)第一恒磨牙患齲率明顯升高。調(diào)查結(jié)果表明,是否獨(dú)生子、是否早產(chǎn)兒、幾歲停用奶瓶喝奶或糖水、日常生活由誰(shuí)照顧、是否喝牛奶酸奶或奶粉、是否嚼口香糖、幾歲開始刷牙、每天刷幾次牙、家長(zhǎng)是否幫助孩子刷牙、是否使用含氟牙膏、牙刷使用多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間更換、家長(zhǎng)認(rèn)為含氟牙膏對(duì)牙齒的影響、是否看過牙、孩子的性格、孩子睡覺是否張口呼吸、孩子是否是被動(dòng)吸煙者、家長(zhǎng)刷牙方式及刷牙時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短、家長(zhǎng)教育程度及職業(yè)與齲病關(guān)系無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)差異(p>0.10)。年齡,開始刷牙年齡,刷牙方式,家庭年收入,喂養(yǎng)方式,睡前吃零食,是否喝可樂為可能的影響因素(P<0.10)。結(jié)論廣州市白云區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合區(qū)域兒童患齲率高于全國(guó)平均水平,第一恒磨牙的患齲率提示應(yīng)提早做好齲齒預(yù)防措施,7歲是開展社區(qū)窩溝封閉項(xiàng)目的最佳年齡。年齡,開始刷牙的年齡,刷牙的方式,家庭收入,喂養(yǎng)方式,睡前吃零食,是否喝可樂為可能的影響因素。兒童齲病是可以治療和預(yù)防的,針對(duì)該地區(qū)齲病的流行狀況,建議政府相關(guān)部門對(duì)本地區(qū)的齲病流行病學(xué)進(jìn)行大規(guī)模調(diào)查分析,有針對(duì)性地實(shí)施政府干預(yù)措施。

    BackgroundDental caries is a very common oral diseases and one of the main diseases of affecting the health of children, e World Health Organization considers caries as one of the major diseases cardiovascular diseases, cancer, dental caries) of human kind. The third national oral health Epidemiological investigation shows that the prevalence of primary tooth in5-year-old is66%,96.7%are untreated caries. Prevalence of permanent tooth in12-year-old is28.9%,88.8%are untreated caries, which indicate high percentage of caries and low percentage of treated caries. Children between6-8with mixed dentition and prevalence of primary tooth caries is decreasing because of the losing of primary tooth. Though prevalence of permanent tooth is relatively low, but it will increase as the child grows. Primary tooth caries is the risk factor of permanent tooth caries. It’s important to educate those children and their parents with oral health knowledge and provide sealant or fluoride.ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of caries in children aged6-8in urban and rural areas in Guangzhou Baiyun District and analysis disease-related factors for the prevention and treatment of caries in this area.Materials and Methodologies:According to n=K*Q/P and the survey of the third national oral health epidemiology, total of267second grade students of6-8years old from5-8primary schools and surveying their oral health and caries and personal basic situation, behavior habit, oral health knowledge of parents, as well as analysis statistical data.Results1. In the oral checks of all children, the caries prevalence rate of primary tooth is88.5%, prevalence rate of first molar is14.4%, as the age increases, the caries prevalence rate of first molar is upward trend.2. The statistical test:Children who drinking soda frequently, breeding methods within4month after born and so on is the important factors of the caries incidence (p<0.10). There are not significant difference among whether or not parents suffering caries, family income and parents educational level and so on (p>0.10).Conclusions1. Caries rate of children in Guangzhou Baiyun Rural-Urban Fringe is88.5%. Because parents have a misunderstanding that sooner or later the permanent teeth will replace the primary teeth which lead to low filling rate of primary tooth caries.2. The results show that caries can be treated and prevented and relevant government department should be advised to take epidemiological investigation of caries in their region and provide free oral health education to parents and children.

        廣州市白云區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合區(qū)域6-8歲兒童口腔健康狀況調(diào)查分析

摘要3-7ABSTRACT7-8前言11-13第一章 廣州市白云區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合區(qū)域6-8歲兒童第一恒磨牙萌出及患齲狀況調(diào)查分析13-18    1.1 材料與方法13-14    1.2 結(jié)果14-16    1.3 討論16-17    1.4 參考文獻(xiàn)17-18第二章 廣州市白云區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合區(qū)域6-8歲兒童乳牙患齲情況調(diào)查分析18-23    2.1 材料與方法18-19    2.2 結(jié)果19-21    2.3 討論21-22    2.4 參考文獻(xiàn)22-23第三章 廣州市白云區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合區(qū)域6-8歲兒童齲病相關(guān)因素調(diào)查分析23-44    3.1 材料和方法24-26    3.2 結(jié)果26-38    3.3 討論38-43    3.4 參考文獻(xiàn)43-44全文總結(jié)44-45綜述45-52成果52-53附錄53-60致謝60-62統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)審稿證明62

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：廣州市白云區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合區(qū)域6-8歲兒童口腔健康狀況調(diào)查分析，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。