目的:分析老年人與非老年人肺栓塞患者的臨床特點(diǎn),了解老年人與非老年肺栓塞的異同點(diǎn)。背景:肺動(dòng)脈栓塞（PE）是指內(nèi)源性或外源性栓子堵塞肺動(dòng)脈或其分支引起肺循環(huán)障礙的臨床和病理生理綜合征。肺由肺動(dòng)脈和支氣管動(dòng)脈雙重供血,兩組血管有豐富的吻合支,當(dāng)肺動(dòng)脈的某一分支栓塞后,肺組織因支氣管動(dòng)脈的側(cè)支供血而不發(fā)生異常,栓子較小未能完全堵塞肺動(dòng)脈分支時(shí)也不易發(fā)生供血障礙。較大的栓子堵塞肺動(dòng)脈大分支或主干可引起急性右心衰竭或心肌梗死而致死亡。在歐美國(guó)家,死亡率僅次于心腦血管疾病和惡性腫瘤。血流淤滯,血液凝固性增高和靜脈內(nèi)皮損傷是血栓形成的促進(jìn)因素。因此,創(chuàng)傷、長(zhǎng)期臥床、靜脈曲張、靜脈插管、盆腔和髖部手術(shù)、肥胖、糖尿病、避孕藥或其他原因的凝血機(jī)制亢進(jìn)等,容易誘發(fā)靜脈血栓形成。肺栓塞臨床表現(xiàn)缺乏特異性,臨床出現(xiàn)呼吸困難、劇烈胸痛、咯血、發(fā)熱等癥狀常與其他心肺疾病混淆。近年來(lái)由于對(duì)于肺栓塞認(rèn)識(shí)的不斷提高,其誤診率和漏診率有所下降,但由于肺栓塞的發(fā)病率、病死率隨年齡的增長(zhǎng)而上升,特別是老年人肺栓塞由于多與其他疾病合并存在,臨床癥狀不典型,病情復(fù)雜,造成診斷困難,死亡率高,有報(bào)道老年人的肺血栓栓塞癥生前診斷僅為... 

【文章來(lái)源】：吉林大學(xué)吉林省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁(yè)數(shù)】：57 頁(yè)

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
中文摘要
Abstract
Abbreviations and Acronyms
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE REVIEW
    2.1 Definition of PE
    2.2 Epidemiology
    2.3 Causes
    2.4 Risk factors
    2.5 Symptoms
    2.6 Pathophysiology
    2.7 Classification of PE
    2.8 Investigations
        2.8.1 Scoring systems: Wells score, Geneva score, PERC score and PESI
        2.8.2 Biomarkers
        2.8.3 Diagnostic Tests and Tools
    2.9 Treatment and Management
    2.10 Prevention
CHAPTER 3. MATERIALS AND METHODS
    3.1 Materials
    3.2 Methods
    3.3 Statistical Analysis
CHAPTER 4. RESULTS
    4.1 Basic diseases
    4.2 DVT
    4.3 Echocardiography
    4.4 D-dimer
    4.5 Troponin and BNP
    4.6 Hazard stratification
CHAPTER 5. DISCUSSION
    5.1 Risk factors of PE
    5.2 Damage of right heart function caused by PE
    5.3 D dimer
    5.4 Imaging examination
    5.5 Risk stratification of PE
CHAPTER 6. CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
ACKNOWLEGEMENTS
AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION



本文編號(hào)：3348767