【摘要】：鼻腔(包括鼻竇)是上呼吸道的重要組成部分,其黏膜表層由假復(fù)層柱狀上皮組成。鼻腔具有許多重要的生理學(xué)功能,例如對吸入氣體的過濾、加溫、加濕等。位于鼻腔頂部的嗅區(qū)上皮還具有重要的嗅覺功能,這也是人類識別周圍環(huán)境和保護(hù)人體不受外界危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)侵襲的重要防御機(jī)能之一。鼻腔黏膜上皮作為人體與外界接觸的第一道生理和免疫學(xué)屏障,能夠清除空氣中絕大多數(shù)的顆粒,其中不乏大量的污染物質(zhì)、致病微生物(如病毒、細(xì)菌、真菌)和過敏原等,因此發(fā)生于鼻腔的鼻炎(過敏性或感染性),鼻-鼻竇炎及其相關(guān)的合并癥等都是全球性常見病和高發(fā)病。在過去的10~20年間,隨著醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)技術(shù)和科研工作的深入和發(fā)展,我們對鼻部常見疾病的免疫和病理生理學(xué)機(jī)制的理解有了很大提高,為改善現(xiàn)有的診療技術(shù)和研發(fā)更有效的治療鼻部和相關(guān)呼吸道疾病的新療法提供了良好的機(jī)遇。隨著氣象、環(huán)境(污染)、易感人群等外因的變化,上呼吸道疾病在流行病學(xué)、病種等方面呈現(xiàn)出諸多新特征,我們在基礎(chǔ)和臨床科研工作中應(yīng)重新認(rèn)識該疾病,以便更有效地對該疾病進(jìn)行預(yù)防、診斷和治療。
[Abstract]:The nasal cavity (including the paranasal sinuses) is an important part of the upper respiratory tract. Its mucosal surface is composed of pseudostratified columnar epithelium. The nasal cavity has many important physiological functions, such as filtering, warming and humidifying inhaled gases. Nasal mucosal epithelium, as the first physiological and immunological barrier of human contact with the outside world, can remove most of the particles in the air, including a large number of pollutants, pathogenic microorganisms (such as viruses, bacteria, fungi) and allergens. Nasal rhinitis (allergic or infectious), rhinosinusitis and its associated complications are common and high incidence worldwide. In the past 10 to 20 years, with the development of medical science and technology and scientific research, our understanding of the immune and pathophysiological mechanisms of common nasal diseases has been greatly improved to improve the realization. With the changes of meteorology, environment (pollution), susceptible population and other external factors, upper respiratory tract diseases have shown many new characteristics in epidemiology, disease types and so on. We should re-recognize them in basic and clinical research work. The disease is more effective in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
【作者單位】： 新加坡國立大學(xué)楊潞齡醫(yī)學(xué)院耳鼻咽喉-頭頸外科系;
【分類號】：R56

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

1 褚非非;房三友;于振華;顧蘭玉;;纖維支氣管鏡檢查診斷上呼吸道疾病(附178例報(bào)告)[J];第二軍醫(yī)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2005年12期

2 莊北寧;;腺病毒可引發(fā)感冒等急性上呼吸道疾病[J];科學(xué)大觀園;2008年01期

3 萬歡英;;冬末春初要關(guān)懷呼吸道[J];開心老年;2009年02期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前1條

1 馮勝利;于俊華;白仲林;;氣溶膠生物電治療儀治療上呼吸道疾病106例臨床效果觀察[A];中國康復(fù)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)第三次康復(fù)治療學(xué)術(shù)大會(huì)論文匯編[C];2002年

相關(guān)重要報(bào)紙文章 前2條

1 于巍;冬末春初關(guān)懷上呼吸道[N];上海中醫(yī)藥報(bào);2008年

2 王昌萍;當(dāng)心呼吸道疾病“反季節(jié)”發(fā)生[N];中國醫(yī)藥報(bào);2003年

，

本文編號：2196564