【摘要】：目的：分析昆山市某企業(yè)連續(xù)5年的職業(yè)健康體檢結(jié)果，評價該企業(yè)生產(chǎn)性粉塵對勞動者身體健康的影響；通過對該企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生學(xué)調(diào)查及監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的分析，評價該企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生狀況。為生產(chǎn)性粉塵對勞動者健康危害與控制，提供客觀依據(jù)。 方法：隨機(jī)選取本市某企業(yè)2007年上崗前參與職業(yè)健康體檢的員工（均按照國家職業(yè)健康監(jiān)護(hù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，統(tǒng)一按照接觸粉塵作業(yè)人員職業(yè)健康體檢項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行職業(yè)健康體檢，并體檢項(xiàng)目均合格且接下來連續(xù)5年從事同一工種）468名，其中入職后從事生產(chǎn)性粉塵作業(yè)員工200名設(shè)為接塵組，入職后從事非生產(chǎn)性粉塵作業(yè)員工268名為非接塵組。對這468名員工進(jìn)行每年一次的職業(yè)健康體檢，連續(xù)5年（即2008-2012），按照粉塵作業(yè)人員職業(yè)健康體檢標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行檢查，分析兩組人員每年的職業(yè)健康體檢結(jié)果。對該企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)工藝、原輔材料、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、防護(hù)設(shè)施、個人衛(wèi)生防護(hù)用品進(jìn)行調(diào)查。對該企業(yè)的作業(yè)場所進(jìn)行粉塵濃度（濾膜重量法）、分散度（乙酸丁酯法）、游離二氧化硅（焦磷酸法）含量測定。 結(jié)果：本次研究對象共計468人，其中接塵作業(yè)人員200人，非接塵人員268人，從2008年至2012年連續(xù)5年參加職業(yè)健康體檢（均按照粉塵作業(yè)人員職業(yè)健康體檢標(biāo)準(zhǔn)），，連續(xù)五次的職業(yè)健康體檢中高千伏胸片異常主要是兩肺紋理的增多及紊亂，未發(fā)現(xiàn)塵肺病患者，肺功能的異常主要是FVC，F(xiàn)EV1小于80%，F(xiàn)EV1小于70%，心電圖的異常主要是竇性心律失常，尿常規(guī)異常主要是隱血陽性及尿液葡萄糖陽性，血常規(guī)的異常主要是白細(xì)胞減少及紅細(xì)胞與血紅蛋白的減少，血清ALT主要是檢驗(yàn)值高于正常值。2008年至2012年接塵組及非接塵組各項(xiàng)檢查的單獨(dú)異常率及連續(xù)五年的總體異常率經(jīng)統(tǒng)計學(xué)比較，差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。接塵組與非接塵組健康狀況一致。連續(xù)5年對該企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)工藝、原輔材料、生產(chǎn)設(shè)備、防護(hù)設(shè)施、個人衛(wèi)生防護(hù)用品進(jìn)行調(diào)查。對該企業(yè)的作業(yè)場所進(jìn)行粉塵濃度（濾膜重量法）、分散度（乙酸丁酯法）、游離二氧化硅（焦磷酸法）含量測定。均評價為合格。 結(jié)論：目前該企業(yè)生產(chǎn)性粉塵作業(yè)人員沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)疑似職業(yè)病和職業(yè)病病人，接塵組工人健康狀況尚好，且健康狀況與非接塵組一致；該企業(yè)職業(yè)衛(wèi)生狀況整體較好，其他涉及接塵作業(yè)的企業(yè)應(yīng)積極向該企業(yè)學(xué)習(xí)，使企業(yè)的職業(yè)病危害降到最低限度，充分保障勞動者權(quán)益。 但是接塵工人是否發(fā)生塵肺病，取決于接觸粉塵濃度大小、游離SiO2含量高低、粉塵顆粒大小以及接塵工齡長短、個人防護(hù)用品等諸因素。一般認(rèn)為，接塵濃度大、游離SiO2含量高、粉塵顆粒分散度大、接塵工齡長者就易患塵肺��；反之，則不易患塵肺病。 粉塵對作業(yè)工人健康危害較大，在職的接塵工人仍有發(fā)生塵肺病的可能。因此，必須采取有效的防塵措施，降低工作場所粉塵濃度，加強(qiáng)工人的個人防護(hù)，給工人配發(fā)合格的防塵用品，并要求工人上崗作業(yè)必須佩戴好防塵口罩，減少粉塵對作業(yè)工人的危害。并認(rèn)真做好工人的上崗前、在崗期間、離崗時的職業(yè)健康體檢。
[Abstract]:Objective: to analyze the occupational health examination results of a company in Kunshan for 5 years and evaluate the effect of the productive dust on the health of the workers. Through the analysis of the occupational hygienic investigation and monitoring data of the enterprise, the occupational health status of the enterprise is evaluated and the health hazards and control of the productive powder dust on workers are provided. Basis.
Methods: the employees who participated in the occupational health examination before 2007 were selected randomly (all in accordance with the national occupational health monitoring standard, according to the occupational health checkup project of the workers exposed to dust, and the physical examination items were all qualified and 468 for the next 5 years). 200 employees engaged in productive dust operations were set up as dust groups, and 268 non productive dust workers were engaged in non dust collection after their entry. The 468 employees were examined for 5 years (2008-2012) for 5 years (2008-2012), and the occupational health standards of the workers were checked to analyze the occupations of the two groups of personnel each year. The results of health examination. Investigation of the production process, raw and auxiliary materials, production equipment, protection facilities and personal hygiene protection articles. Dust concentration (filter weight method), dispersion (butyl acetate method), free silica (pyrophosphoric acid method) content determination for the workplace of the enterprise are carried out.
Results: a total of 468 people were studied, of which 200 were exposed to dust and 268 were not exposed to dust. From 2008 to 2012, there were 5 years of occupational health examination (all according to occupational health examination standards for dust workers), and five consecutive occupational health examinations were mainly the increase and disorder of two lung textures. The abnormal lung function of the patients with pneumoconiosis was mainly FVC, FEV1 less than 80%, FEV1 less than 70%, the abnormal electrocardiogram was mainly sinus arrhythmia, the routine abnormal urine was mainly occult blood and urine glucose positive. The abnormal blood routine was mainly leucocyte reduction and the decrease of red cell and hemoglobin, and the serum ALT was the main test value. The individual abnormal rate and the total abnormal rate of five years for five years in the dust group and the non dust group were compared with the normal values. The difference was not statistically significant between the dust group and the non dust group. For 5 years, the production technology, the raw materials, the production equipment, the protective facilities, and the personal hygiene and prevention of the enterprise's production process were consistent. The dust concentration (filter weight method), dispersion (Ding Zhifa) and free silica (pyrophosphoric acid method) content in the workplace of the enterprise were measured. All of them were evaluated as qualified.
Conclusion: the occupational dust workers in the enterprise have not found the suspected occupational disease and the occupational disease patients at present. The health status of the workers in the dust collection group is still good, and the health condition is the same as that of the non dust receiving group. The occupational health status of the enterprise is good as a whole, and other enterprises involving the dust picking work should learn from the enterprise so as to make the occupational hazards of the enterprise harm. It will be reduced to a minimum, and the rights and interests of the workers are fully guaranteed.
But whether the dust workers have pneumoconiosis depends on the dust concentration, the content of free SiO2, the size of the dust particles, the length of the dust exposure, the personal protective equipment and other factors. It is generally believed that the dust concentration is large, the free SiO2 content is high, the dust particle dispersion is large, and the dust particles are easily affected by the pneumoconiosis disease; conversely, it is not. It is easy to suffer from pneumoconiosis.
Dust has great harm to workers' health, and the workers in service still have the possibility of pneumoconiosis. Therefore, effective dust prevention measures must be taken to reduce dust concentration in the workplace, strengthen workers' personal protection, distribute qualified dust supplies to workers, and need to wear good dust respirators for workers to go to work and reduce dust. The hazards of the workers. And conscientiously do well the occupational health examination of the workers before they are on duty.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：R135.2

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