急性白血病合并肺部感染的影像學(xué)特點(diǎn)與臨床資料的回顧性分析
本文選題:急性白血病 + 肺部感染; 參考:《河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:目的:急性白血。ˋcute Leukemia,AL)是血液系統(tǒng)的常見病及多發(fā)病。患者由于自身免疫缺陷、應(yīng)用化療藥物和使用糖皮質(zhì)激素等,使感染成為最常見并發(fā)癥和致死原因之一,而肺部感染又是最常見的感染部位。由于AL本身或治療等原因會出現(xiàn)血小板減少或者凝血異常而致易出血,使得肺活檢受到限制。因此,肺CT檢查,特別是高分辨率CT檢查可以給臨床診治提供參考。我們逐一分析66例患者的臨床資料及肺部不同微生物感染的CT影像特點(diǎn)和臨床抗感染治療療效,籍此總結(jié)肺CT影像特征與抗感染治療有效和有效藥物的相關(guān)性,從而為肺部感染臨床早期診斷及特異性治療提供依據(jù)。 方法:收集本院2010年8月-2011年12月間收治的66例AL并發(fā)肺部感染的臨床及肺CT資料,臨床資料主要收集姓名、性別、年齡、住院天數(shù)、AL類型、化療方案、骨髓緩解情況、臨床表現(xiàn)、肺部病變影像特征、胸腔積液情況、粒缺持續(xù)時(shí)間、合并其他部位感染、入院前感染史、出院情況、G實(shí)驗(yàn)、C-反應(yīng)蛋白、有無低白蛋白血癥、痰培養(yǎng)或涂片、血培養(yǎng)等,肺CT資料來自影像科。我們把66例給予抗真菌治療的57例患者按照侵襲性肺部真菌感染(Invasive pulmonary fungal infection,IPFI)的療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對患者進(jìn)行評價(jià),把57例患者分為抗真菌治療有效組和抗真菌治療無效組,把痊愈+顯效+進(jìn)步的患者歸為抗真菌治療有效組,把無效+死亡歸為抗真菌治療無效組,分析抗真菌治療有效組與各影像特征之間有無相關(guān)性;根據(jù)細(xì)菌感染療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)把66例患者分為抗細(xì)菌治療有效組和抗細(xì)菌治療無效組,把痊愈+顯效+進(jìn)步的患者歸為抗細(xì)菌治療有效組,把無效的患者歸為抗細(xì)菌治療無效組,分析抗細(xì)菌治療有效組與各影像特征之間有無相關(guān)性。把66例患者的影像特征按單一影像特征分為結(jié)節(jié)影、斑片影、磨玻璃影、實(shí)變影、空洞影、條索影和棉絮狀陰影,針對這些影像特征和抗微生物治療有效藥物的關(guān)系,我們采用χ2檢驗(yàn)對其進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。 結(jié)果: 1將66例AL患者的肺部感染部位分為兩肺及單側(cè)肺,在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的抗真菌治療有效的結(jié)節(jié)影、空洞影及結(jié)節(jié)影合并空洞影的患者中,對結(jié)節(jié)影與肺部部位的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,,沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p>0.05)。在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的抗細(xì)菌治療有效的條索影、條索影合并斑片影、條索影合并磨玻璃影的患者中,對條索影與肺部部位的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p>0.05)。 2我們收集的66例AL患者肺部感染的影像學(xué)特點(diǎn)共有11種。根據(jù)這11種影像特點(diǎn),再針對單一影像特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分析。將肺部感染的影像分為結(jié)節(jié)影、斑片影、實(shí)變影、磨玻璃影、條索影、棉絮狀陰影、空洞影七種?拐婢委熡行У幕颊咧薪(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析后顯示結(jié)節(jié)影、空洞影及結(jié)節(jié)影合并空洞影與抗真菌治療有效的患者有相關(guān)性(結(jié)節(jié)影:p=0.005,空洞影:p=0.013,結(jié)節(jié)影合并空洞影:p=0.037),而斑片影、實(shí)變影、磨玻璃影、條索影、棉絮狀陰影與抗真菌治療有效的患者均沒有相關(guān)性(p>0.05)。另外,結(jié)節(jié)影合并胸腔積液及結(jié)節(jié)影合并咳嗽和咳痰與抗真菌治療有效的患者有相關(guān)性(結(jié)節(jié)影合并胸腔積液:p=0.010,結(jié)節(jié)影合并咳嗽和咳痰:p=0.034),結(jié)節(jié)影合并斑片影、實(shí)變影、磨玻璃影、暈征、近胸膜與抗真菌治療有效的患者均沒有相關(guān)性(p>0.05),斑片影合并實(shí)變、磨玻璃影、胸腔積液、咳嗽和咳痰與抗真菌治療有效的患者均沒有相關(guān)性(p>0.05),空洞影合并實(shí)變、胸腔積液、咳嗽和咳痰與抗真菌治療有效的患者均沒有相關(guān)性(p>0.05),實(shí)變影合并磨玻璃影與抗真菌治療有效的患者沒有相關(guān)性(p>0.05)。本研究提示肺部CT的結(jié)節(jié)影、空洞影及結(jié)節(jié)影合并空洞影可能與真菌感染有關(guān)。在抗細(xì)菌治療有效的患者中經(jīng)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析發(fā)現(xiàn)條索影、條索影合并斑片影和條索影合并磨玻璃影與抗細(xì)菌治療有效的患者有相關(guān)性(條索影:p=0.006,條索影合并斑片影:p=0.008,條索影合并磨玻璃影:p=0.042)。另外,條索影合并胸腔積液、咳嗽和咳痰與抗細(xì)菌治療有效的患者有相關(guān)性(p值均為:p=0.008),而結(jié)節(jié)影、斑片影、實(shí)變影、磨玻璃影、棉絮狀陰影、空洞影以及它們合并出現(xiàn)均與抗細(xì)菌治療有效的患者沒有相關(guān)性(p>0.05)。本研究提示肺部CT的條索影、條索影合并斑片影、條索影合并磨玻璃影、條索影合并胸腔積液、咳嗽和咳痰可能與細(xì)菌感染有關(guān)。 3按照IPFI的療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn),我們收集的66例患者中,有57例給予了抗真菌治療,在抗真菌治療有效的22例中,其中痊愈4例,顯效10例,進(jìn)步的8例;本研究顯示抗真菌治療總有效率為38.6%,伏立康唑治療有效的12例,占54.5%。按照IPFI治療療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評價(jià)藥物有效率時(shí),用痊愈+顯效/全部病例計(jì)算藥物有效率,在抗真菌治療有效的患者中結(jié)節(jié)性真菌感染的患者應(yīng)用伏立康唑治療有效的7例,顯效的4例,有效率為57.1%。根據(jù)細(xì)菌感染療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)收集的66例患者均應(yīng)用了抗細(xì)菌藥物治療,其中抗細(xì)菌治療有效的14例,其中痊愈1例,顯效6例,進(jìn)步7例;本研究顯示抗細(xì)菌治療總有效率為21.2%,在抗細(xì)菌治療有效的14例中碳青霉烯類抗生素治療有效的7例,占50%。按照細(xì)菌治療療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)評價(jià)藥物有效率時(shí),用痊愈+顯效/全部病例計(jì)算藥物有效率,在抗細(xì)菌治療有效的患者中有條索影的細(xì)菌感染患者應(yīng)用碳青霉烯類抗生素治療有效的5例,顯效的2例,有效率為40%。 4AL合并肺部感染CT影像特征和有效藥物的關(guān)系:66例患者中57例給予了抗真菌治療,抗真菌治療有效的22例,伏立康唑?yàn)橹饕行幬,在抗真菌治療有效的患者中結(jié)節(jié)影、空洞影及結(jié)節(jié)影合并空洞影與肺部真菌感染有相關(guān)性,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用伏立康唑治療真菌結(jié)節(jié)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p=0.000),而空洞影及結(jié)節(jié)影合并空洞影未發(fā)現(xiàn)有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的藥物(P值均為:p>0.05)。收集的66例患者均應(yīng)用了抗細(xì)菌藥物治療,其中抗細(xì)菌治療有效組14例,碳青霉烯類抗生素為主要有效藥物。在抗細(xì)菌治療有效的患者中條索影與肺部細(xì)菌感染有相關(guān)性,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)應(yīng)用碳青霉烯類抗生素治療細(xì)菌條索影統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(p=0.004),而條索影合并磨玻璃影、條索影合并斑片影、條索影合并胸腔積液、咳嗽和咳痰未發(fā)現(xiàn)有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的藥物(P值均為:p>0.05)。 結(jié)論: 1在AL患者的肺部感染部位中兩肺感染為肺部感染的主要部位,占肺部感染的57.6%,但研究提示抗真菌及細(xì)菌有效的患者的肺部影像特點(diǎn)與肺部部位沒有相關(guān)性。 2在AL合并肺部感染的患者中肺部出現(xiàn)結(jié)節(jié)影、空洞影及結(jié)節(jié)影合并空洞影時(shí)應(yīng)考慮真菌感染,當(dāng)患者肺部出現(xiàn)條索影、條索影合并磨玻璃影、條索影合并斑片影以及條索影合并胸腔積液、咳嗽和咳痰時(shí)應(yīng)考慮細(xì)菌感染。 3AL合并肺部感染的患者中結(jié)節(jié)性真菌感染應(yīng)用伏立康唑治療有效率最高,為57.1%,可選用伏立康唑治療。肺部感染的患者中出現(xiàn)條索影時(shí)應(yīng)用碳青霉烯類抗生素治療有效率最高,為40%,可選用碳青霉烯類抗生素治療。 4抗感染療效評估中侵襲性肺部真菌感染的患者中治療總有效率為38.6%,細(xì)菌感染患者治療總有效率為21.2%。
[Abstract]:Objective : Acute leukemia ( AL ) is one of the most common and most common diseases in the blood system . Because of its own immune deficiency , it is one of the most common complications and causes of death , and pulmonary infection is the most common infection site .
Methods : The clinical and pulmonary CT data of 66 cases of AL complicated with pulmonary infection were collected from Aug . 2010 to December 2011 . The clinical data mainly collected name , sex , age , hospitalization days , AL type , chemotherapy regimen , bone marrow response , clinical manifestation , pulmonary lesion imaging characteristics , pleural effusion , sputum culture or smear , blood culture , etc .
According to the standard of bacterial infection , 66 patients were divided into anti - bacterial treatment effective group and anti - bacterial treatment ineffective group , and the patients who recovered + obvious + progress were classified as anti - bacterial treatment effective group , and the invalid patients were classified as anti - bacterial treatment ineffective group .
Results :
1 The lung infection site of 66 patients with AL was divided into two lungs and one - sided lung , and the correlation between nodule shadow and lung was analyzed statistically without statistical significance ( p > 0.05 ) . There was no statistical significance ( p > 0.05 ) .
There was no correlation ( p > 0.05 ) in the patients with effective anti - fungal therapy ( p > 0.05 ) . In addition , there was no correlation between cord shadow and pleural effusion , cough and sputum and anti - bacterial therapy ( p = 0.008 ) , while nodule shadow , patch shadow , real image , ground glass , cotton wool shadow , cavity shadow and their combination appeared to have no correlation with the patients with effective anti - bacterial treatment ( p > 0.05 ) .
3 According to the standard of IPFI , 57 of the 66 patients collected were treated with antifungal agents . Among the 22 cases effective in antifungal therapy , 4 cases were cured , 10 cases were markedly effective and 8 cases were improved ;
In this study , the total effective rate of antifungal therapy was 38.6 % , 12 cases were effective , 54.5 % . In the patients with antifungal therapy , the total effective rate was 54.5 % . In the patients with antifungal therapy , the effective rate was 57.1 % .
In this study , the total effective rate of anti - bacterial treatment was 21.2 % , 7 cases were effective in 14 cases of anti - bacterial treatment , 7 cases were effective , and 50 % .
The relationship between CT image characteristics and effective drug of 4AL combined with pulmonary infection : Of the 66 patients , 57 of 66 patients were treated with antifungal therapy , 22 with effective antifungal therapy , and V - oliganazol as the main effective drugs . We found that there was statistical significance ( p = 0.000 ) in the treatment of fungal nodules in patients with antifungal therapy , while the cavity shadow and nodule shadow were not found to be statistically significant ( P > 0.05 ) . All the 66 patients collected were treated with anti - bacterial drugs , in which 14 patients were treated with anti - bacterial treatment , and Carbapenem antibiotics were the main effective drugs . In the patients with anti - bacterial treatment , there was statistical significance ( p = 0.004 ) .
Conclusion :
1 In AL patients , the lung infection was the main part of the lung infection , accounting for 57.6 % of the lung infection , but the study suggested that the pulmonary imaging characteristics of the patients with antifungal and bacterial infection were not related to the lung part .
2 In patients with AL combined with pulmonary infection , the pulmonary nodule , cavity shadow and nodule shadow should be taken into account for fungal infection , and bacterial infection should be taken into account when the patient ' s lungs were accompanied by a cord shadow , a cord shadow combined with a glass shadow , a cord shadow combined patch shadow , and a cord shadow combined with pleural effusion , cough and sputum .
The most effective rate was 57.1 % in patients with pulmonary infection and 57.1 % in patients with pulmonary infection . The most effective rate was 40 % in patients with pulmonary infection , and could be treated with Carbapenem antibiotics .
In patients with invasive pulmonary fungal infection , the total effective rate was 38.6 % in patients with invasive pulmonary fungal infection , and the total effective rate was 21.2 % in patients with bacterial infection .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:河北醫(yī)科大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:R519;R733.71
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