【摘要】：基于核磁共振的植物代謝組學(xué)主要應(yīng)用核磁共振檢測手段,對植物體內(nèi)大量代謝物同時定性和定量分析,全面系統(tǒng)地研究植物不同部位、不同時間、不同生長環(huán)境以及外界刺激對植物代謝的影響,從而對植物進行區(qū)分并且通過這些變化來推測相應(yīng)的代謝途徑和代謝網(wǎng)絡(luò),將植物的生理過程和外界影響聯(lián)系起來。由于植物藥具有“多成分,多靶點”的特點,結(jié)合代謝組學(xué)整體性和全面性的特色,因此代謝組學(xué)方法似乎是一種非常有利的研究工具。本論文以植物藥薤白為研究對象,從代謝組學(xué)的方法入手,利用核磁共振技術(shù)結(jié)合多變量分析方法研究不同炮制過程中薤白代謝物的變化,為其中藥制劑的制備過程提供了理論依據(jù)和指導(dǎo)作用。 首先,由于植物藥的儲存需要,通常要進行干燥處理,而干燥過程必然會對其代謝成分產(chǎn)生影響。本論文研究了曬干、凍干和陰干過程對植物藥薤白代謝物的影響。結(jié)果表明,不同干燥方式獲得的代謝物種類大致相同,但是含量有差異。從核磁共振圖譜中,一共檢測到31種代謝物,其中包括2個未歸屬化合物,而且在薤白中首次報道檢測到尿苷這種物質(zhì)。與新鮮樣本相比,脯氨酸的含量在三種干燥過程中都是升高的；糖類、氨基酸的含量在不同的干燥過程中變化趨勢不同。此外,根據(jù)各代謝物的變化分析得到膜降解、腐胺的合成、三羧酸循環(huán)、糖質(zhì)新生和莽草酸介導(dǎo)途徑可能都會受到干燥過程的影響。N-反阿魏�；野�,一種重要的潛在活性物質(zhì),在凍干處理樣本中含量是最高的,這表明凍干過程可能是薤白處理中較為合適的干燥方式。 其次,溶劑的提取對于藥用植物來說是非常重要的步驟,不同的溶劑化學(xué)特性不同,在提取過程中得到的物質(zhì)也不盡相同。本論文研究不同溶劑提取薤白代謝物的差異,為薤白中不同活性成分的提取提供理論依據(jù)。本課題選取了甲醇、水、正丁醇和乙酸乙酯四種提取溶劑,一共檢測到43種代謝物,其中包括4種未歸屬化合物。甲醇和水提取物的譜圖比較類似,主要包含初級代謝產(chǎn)物如糖類,氨基酸,有機酸。正丁醇提取物中主要有硫化物、半胱氨酸、十七烷酸、尿苷和腺苷。乙酸乙酯提取物中主要是脂類、N-反阿魏酰基酪胺和N-對香豆�；野贰Ｓ捎谖墨I報道,植物藥薤白中的潛在活性物質(zhì)含硫化合物尤其是甲基烯丙基三硫能夠降低血脂；腺苷、N-反阿魏�；野泛蚇-對香豆酰基酪胺對血小板聚集有明顯的抑制作用。結(jié)合我們的實驗結(jié)果,正丁醇適宜提取薤白中含硫化合物和腺苷,乙酸乙酯適宜提取N-反阿魏酰基酪胺和N-對香豆�；野贰�
[Abstract]:The plant metabolomics based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) mainly uses nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to detect a large amount of metabolites in plants simultaneously qualitatively and quantitatively, so as to comprehensively and systematically study different parts and times of plants. The effects of different growth environments and external stimuli on the metabolism of plants are distinguished and the corresponding metabolic pathways and metabolic networks are inferred through these changes. The physiological processes of plants are linked to the external effects. Because plant drugs have the characteristics of "multi-component, multi-target", combined with the characteristics of totality and comprehensiveness of metabonomics, the method of metabonomics seems to be a very favorable research tool. In this paper, macrostemon was used as the research object. The metabolites of Allium macrostemon during different processing were studied by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and multivariate analysis. It provides theoretical basis and guidance for the preparation of traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Firstly, due to the storage requirement of plant medicine, drying is usually necessary, and the drying process will inevitably affect the metabolic composition of plant medicine. The effects of drying, freeze-drying and shade drying on metabolites of Allium macrostemon Bunge were studied in this paper. The results showed that the kinds of metabolites obtained by different drying methods were about the same, but the contents of metabolites were different. A total of 31 metabolites, including two unassigned compounds, were detected in NMR spectra, and uridine was detected for the first time in Allium macrostemon. Compared with fresh samples, the content of proline increased in all three drying processes, and the contents of carbohydrates and amino acids varied in different drying processes. In addition, according to the change of metabolites, membrane degradation, synthesis of putrescine, tricarboxylic acid cycle, glycosylation and shikimic acid-mediated pathway may all be affected by the drying process. An important potential active substance is the highest in freeze-dried samples, which indicates that the freeze-drying process may be a more suitable drying method in the treatment of Allium macrostemon Bunge. Secondly, solvent extraction is a very important step for medicinal plants. In this paper, the differences of metabolites extracted from Allium macrostemon in different solvents were studied, which provided theoretical basis for the extraction of different active components from Allium macrostemon Bunge. Four extraction solvents, methanol, water, n-butanol and ethyl acetate, were selected and 43 metabolites, including 4 unassigned compounds, were detected. The spectra of methanol and water extracts are similar and contain primary metabolites such as carbohydrates, amino acids and organic acids. N-butanol extracts are mainly sulfide, cysteine, heptadecanoic acid, uridine and adenosine. Ethyl acetate extracts are mainly lipids, N-trans-ferulic tyramine and N-p-coumaryl tyramine. As reported in the literature, the potential active substances in the plant drug Allium macrostemon, especially methyl allyl disulfide, can reduce blood lipids. Adenosine, N-trans-ferulic tyramine and N- p-coumaryl tyramine inhibited platelet aggregation significantly. Combined with our experimental results, n-butanol is suitable for extracting sulfur compounds and adenosine from Allium macrostemon, and ethyl acetate is suitable for extracting N-trans-ferulic tyramine and N-p-coumaryl tyramine.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：R282.71;R445.2

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