基于DCE-MRI影像的乳腺癌早期診斷研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-18 16:32
【摘要】：乳腺癌是具有高死亡率的女性最常見惡性腫瘤。由于其致病因子的不確定性和病情的隱匿性，患者經(jīng)常在乳腺癌發(fā)展至中晚期才被確診，延誤了治療的最佳時(shí)期。乳腺動(dòng)態(tài)核磁共振成像術(shù)（Dynamic Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, DCE-MRI）憑其高組織分辨率近年來已作為一種重要早期乳腺癌影像診斷手段而被廣泛采用。與此同時(shí)，為了提升醫(yī)生影像診斷中的準(zhǔn)確率，計(jì)算機(jī)輔助診斷（Computer-aided Diagnosis, CAD）技術(shù)作為一種輔助手段也被提出并應(yīng)用于臨床診斷和治療決策。 基于DCE-MRI的早期乳腺癌計(jì)算機(jī)輔助診斷是目前CAD領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)研究熱點(diǎn)，不少學(xué)者進(jìn)行了相關(guān)研究。這些已見諸報(bào)道的乳腺癌CAD系統(tǒng)只注重于病灶區(qū)域的研究，往往先分割出病灶區(qū)域，然后根據(jù)分割結(jié)果中特定的像素點(diǎn)提取影像特征，最后再利用分類器進(jìn)行乳腺癌診斷預(yù)測(cè)。根據(jù)近期臨床研究，乳腺組織（Fibroglandular Tissue, FGT）與罹患乳腺癌的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之間存在一定關(guān)聯(lián)；在影像層面上，乳腺背景實(shí)質(zhì)增強(qiáng)（Background ParenchymalEnhancement, BPE）特性呈現(xiàn)出更大的關(guān)聯(lián)度。但是這些研究都基于醫(yī)生的臨床研究得出，其分析方法通常都是定性的，同時(shí)具有很強(qiáng)的醫(yī)生個(gè)人主觀性，無法有效應(yīng)用于臨床診斷實(shí)踐。針對(duì)這些問題，本碩士論文創(chuàng)新性地對(duì)乳腺背景實(shí)質(zhì)影像特性在甄別早期乳腺癌中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值進(jìn)行比較系統(tǒng)的客觀和定量性研究。 本論文的研究工作主要圍繞乳腺腺體背景特征的乳腺癌甄別能力和病灶與腺體背景特征互補(bǔ)性這兩個(gè)問題來展開。具體內(nèi)容包括： (1) MRI乳腺影像預(yù)處理 對(duì)DCE-MRI原始影像進(jìn)行了包括降噪、配準(zhǔn)以及研究區(qū)域分割在內(nèi)的預(yù)處理。在醫(yī)師標(biāo)注的病灶區(qū)域的指導(dǎo)下，，本文使用基于解剖學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)的乳房區(qū)域分割方法在DCE-MRI影像上獲取乳房區(qū)域，然后根據(jù)醫(yī)生的影像標(biāo)注信息進(jìn)而確定病灶和乳腺腺體背景兩個(gè)待研究影像區(qū)域。 (2)病灶與乳腺背景區(qū)域特征提取 針對(duì)病灶區(qū)域與乳腺背景區(qū)域的影像特征提取問題，分別利用統(tǒng)計(jì)方法和三維灰度共生矩陣對(duì)每例病例的提取計(jì)算了158維影像特征，這些特征能分別表征病灶區(qū)域和乳腺腺體背景區(qū)域的動(dòng)態(tài)增強(qiáng)特性與三維紋理特性。 (3)乳腺腺體背景特征的乳腺癌甄別能力研究 為了評(píng)估每一個(gè)計(jì)算自乳腺腺體背景特征的乳腺癌甄別能力，本研究利用受試者工作特征曲線（Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve，ROC）和K-W檢驗(yàn)計(jì)算分析每個(gè)乳腺腺體背景影像特征區(qū)分乳腺病灶的能力。實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)顯示部分乳腺背景特征對(duì)乳腺病灶的區(qū)分能力與病灶特征的相近，對(duì)乳腺癌具有較高的甄別能力。 (4)病灶與腺體背景特征互補(bǔ)性研究 為了了解病灶與腺體背景特征互補(bǔ)性情況，本研究對(duì)病灶特征集和包含全部特征的特征集分別進(jìn)行特征挑選。然后根據(jù)挑選后的特征子集所對(duì)應(yīng)的CAD系統(tǒng)分類性能來衡量該特征子集包含的有效信息量。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明同時(shí)包含有病灶和乳腺腺體背景特征的特征集比僅包含病灶特征的特征集含有更多有利于甄別乳腺癌的信息，從而證明了乳腺腺體背景特征與病灶特征間存有一定的互補(bǔ)性。 本論文對(duì)乳腺背景實(shí)質(zhì)的影像特性在甄別早期乳腺癌中的應(yīng)用價(jià)值進(jìn)行了客觀定量的研究，結(jié)果表明乳腺背景的影像特征確實(shí)具有高的甄別良惡性乳腺疾病的能力，可以為乳腺癌的早期診斷提供與單一病灶相互補(bǔ)的有效信息。此外，因?yàn)槿橄俦尘皩?shí)質(zhì)的影像特征從未被納入到基于DCE-MRI影像的乳腺癌早期計(jì)算機(jī)輔助診斷研究中，所以如果將乳腺背景特征合理地融合至已有的輔助診斷系統(tǒng)中將有望提升其輔助診斷的性能和臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor of women with high mortality. Due to the uncertainty of its pathogenic factors and the hidden nature of the disease, the patient is often diagnosed with the development of breast cancer to the middle and late stage, and the optimal period of treatment is delayed. Dynamic Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been widely used in the recent years as an important early stage of breast cancer image diagnosis. At the same time, in order to improve the accuracy of the doctor's image diagnosis, the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technique is also put forward and applied to the clinical diagnosis and treatment decision. The computer-assisted diagnosis of early breast cancer based on DCE-MRI is a hot spot in the field of CAD. The breast cancer CAD system which has been reported has only focused on the research of the focus area, and the focus area is often divided, and then the image features are extracted according to the specific pixel points in the segmentation result, and the breast cancer diagnosis is performed by using the classifier. According to recent clinical studies, there is a certain association between the breast tissue (FGT) and the risk of breast cancer; at the image level, the background of the mammary gland (BPE) has a greater effect on the characteristics of the BPE But these studies are based on a doctor's clinical study, which is usually qualitative, with a strong physician's personal subjectivity and can't be used for clinical diagnosis. In view of these problems, the master's thesis has innovatively compared the real image character of the background of the breast in the screening of the value of the application of the breast cancer in the early stage of breast cancer. The research work of this paper mainly focuses on the screening ability of the breast cancer and the complementarity between the focus and the background of the gland. The problem is to expand. Body content includes: (1) M The original image of DCE-MRI was included in the pre-treatment of the breast image of the RI, including the noise reduction, the alignment and the research. The method of the breast segmentation based on the anatomical structure is used to obtain the breast area on the DCE-MRI image, and then the focus and the gland of the breast are determined according to the image labeling information of the doctor. background two image areas to be studied. (2) the feature extraction of the focus and the background region of the mammary gland aims at the problem of image feature extraction of the focus region and the background region of the breast, The features of 158-dimensional images were calculated from the extraction of the cases, which can be characterized by the characterization of the focal area and the back of the gland of the breast, respectively. The dynamic enhancement and the three-dimensional texture of the scene area. (3) Breast cancer screening ability of the mammary gland background feature in order to evaluate each of the calculated breast cancer screening abilities from the mammary gland background, the study uses the subject's working characteristic curve (Receiver Opera Calculation of Setting Characteristic Curve (ROC) and K-W To analyze the characteristics of the background image of each breast and to distinguish the ability of the breast lesions. The force is close to the characteristic of the focus, and has a higher effect on the breast cancer. High screening ability. (4) Complementarity between the focus and the background of the gland in order to understand the complementarity of the focus and the background of the gland and according to the selected characteristic subset, The corresponding CAD system classification performance is used to measure the effective amount of information contained in the subset of features. The experimental results show that the feature set containing the background features of the lesion and the gland of the breast is more favorable to the screening of breast cancer than the feature set containing only the feature of the lesion. It is proved that there is a certain complementarity between the characteristic of the background of the mammary gland and the characteristic of the focus. The present paper makes an objective and quantitative study on the application value of the image characteristic of the background of the breast in the screening of the early breast cancer. The results show that the image features of the background of the breast do have high screening for benign and malignant breast. The ability of the disease to provide effective information for the early diagnosis of breast cancer with respect to a single lesion. In addition, because of the substantial image characteristics of the background of the breast, It is not included in the early-stage computer-assisted diagnosis of breast cancer based on DCE-MRI images, so if the characteristics of the breast background are properly melted
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R737.9;R445.2;TP391.72
[Abstract]:Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor of women with high mortality. Due to the uncertainty of its pathogenic factors and the hidden nature of the disease, the patient is often diagnosed with the development of breast cancer to the middle and late stage, and the optimal period of treatment is delayed. Dynamic Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) has been widely used in the recent years as an important early stage of breast cancer image diagnosis. At the same time, in order to improve the accuracy of the doctor's image diagnosis, the computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) technique is also put forward and applied to the clinical diagnosis and treatment decision. The computer-assisted diagnosis of early breast cancer based on DCE-MRI is a hot spot in the field of CAD. The breast cancer CAD system which has been reported has only focused on the research of the focus area, and the focus area is often divided, and then the image features are extracted according to the specific pixel points in the segmentation result, and the breast cancer diagnosis is performed by using the classifier. According to recent clinical studies, there is a certain association between the breast tissue (FGT) and the risk of breast cancer; at the image level, the background of the mammary gland (BPE) has a greater effect on the characteristics of the BPE But these studies are based on a doctor's clinical study, which is usually qualitative, with a strong physician's personal subjectivity and can't be used for clinical diagnosis. In view of these problems, the master's thesis has innovatively compared the real image character of the background of the breast in the screening of the value of the application of the breast cancer in the early stage of breast cancer. The research work of this paper mainly focuses on the screening ability of the breast cancer and the complementarity between the focus and the background of the gland. The problem is to expand. Body content includes: (1) M The original image of DCE-MRI was included in the pre-treatment of the breast image of the RI, including the noise reduction, the alignment and the research. The method of the breast segmentation based on the anatomical structure is used to obtain the breast area on the DCE-MRI image, and then the focus and the gland of the breast are determined according to the image labeling information of the doctor. background two image areas to be studied. (2) the feature extraction of the focus and the background region of the mammary gland aims at the problem of image feature extraction of the focus region and the background region of the breast, The features of 158-dimensional images were calculated from the extraction of the cases, which can be characterized by the characterization of the focal area and the back of the gland of the breast, respectively. The dynamic enhancement and the three-dimensional texture of the scene area. (3) Breast cancer screening ability of the mammary gland background feature in order to evaluate each of the calculated breast cancer screening abilities from the mammary gland background, the study uses the subject's working characteristic curve (Receiver Opera Calculation of Setting Characteristic Curve (ROC) and K-W To analyze the characteristics of the background image of each breast and to distinguish the ability of the breast lesions. The force is close to the characteristic of the focus, and has a higher effect on the breast cancer. High screening ability. (4) Complementarity between the focus and the background of the gland in order to understand the complementarity of the focus and the background of the gland and according to the selected characteristic subset, The corresponding CAD system classification performance is used to measure the effective amount of information contained in the subset of features. The experimental results show that the feature set containing the background features of the lesion and the gland of the breast is more favorable to the screening of breast cancer than the feature set containing only the feature of the lesion. It is proved that there is a certain complementarity between the characteristic of the background of the mammary gland and the characteristic of the focus. The present paper makes an objective and quantitative study on the application value of the image characteristic of the background of the breast in the screening of the early breast cancer. The results show that the image features of the background of the breast do have high screening for benign and malignant breast. The ability of the disease to provide effective information for the early diagnosis of breast cancer with respect to a single lesion. In addition, because of the substantial image characteristics of the background of the breast, It is not included in the early-stage computer-assisted diagnosis of breast cancer based on DCE-MRI images, so if the characteristics of the breast background are properly melted
【學(xué)位授予單位】：杭州電子科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：R737.9;R445.2;TP391.72
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