本文選題：超聲彈性成像 + 光流跟蹤��； 參考：《北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：彈性成像技術(shù)可以提供人體組織的彈性力學(xué)相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)描述組織的軟硬程度,在疾病診斷和檢測(cè)中起到了不可忽視的重要作用。在這項(xiàng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用于臨床以前,醫(yī)生一般采用觸診方式檢測(cè)組織硬度的變化,具有主觀、重復(fù)性差、診斷深度淺等缺點(diǎn),不利于某些疾病的診斷和治療。彈性成像的出現(xiàn)填補(bǔ)了傳統(tǒng)的成像技術(shù)不能區(qū)分結(jié)構(gòu)相似但軟硬不同的組織的缺點(diǎn),與超聲成像結(jié)合可以同時(shí)提供形態(tài)學(xué)和彈性信息,為疾病檢查和診斷提供了新的方法,補(bǔ)充了力學(xué)特性和成像參量。目前,超聲彈性成像技術(shù)已成為醫(yī)學(xué)成像范圍內(nèi)的熱門研究之一。本文的研究對(duì)象是靜態(tài)/準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)超聲彈性成像,第一部分是一維位移和應(yīng)變估計(jì),超聲彈性成像中的位移估計(jì)大致分為基于時(shí)域和基于頻域的位移估計(jì)兩大類,其核心為求解組織受到外部激勵(lì)前后相應(yīng)射頻信號(hào)窗的時(shí)移,通過時(shí)域延伸以及幅頻特性校正等手段對(duì)超聲射頻信號(hào)預(yù)處理,提高信號(hào)間的相關(guān)性。最后對(duì)求得的一維位移進(jìn)行卡爾曼濾波,并用卷積算子計(jì)算求解應(yīng)變估計(jì)。本文的第二部分是在傳統(tǒng)的光流法的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了一種基于矢量場(chǎng)預(yù)估的二維應(yīng)變估計(jì)方法,將光流特征點(diǎn)定為基于包絡(luò)線峰值的特征指紋信息,這樣處理后使用光流跟蹤時(shí)可以減少誤差,實(shí)現(xiàn)超聲射頻信號(hào)的二維位移估計(jì),通過設(shè)計(jì)特定的卷積算子對(duì)二維位移場(chǎng)快速差分求解得到相應(yīng)的應(yīng)變估計(jì)結(jié)果。本文的第三部分是實(shí)驗(yàn)的設(shè)計(jì)與分析,詳細(xì)介紹了用有限元分析軟件COMSOL和聲場(chǎng)仿真軟件FIELD Ⅱ生成仿真超聲射頻信號(hào)的方法,并用不同的四種模型對(duì)提出的方法進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,與一維位移估計(jì)相比,在二維相關(guān)性計(jì)算之前對(duì)組織整體位移進(jìn)行預(yù)估處理,能有效提升計(jì)算速度與準(zhǔn)確性。
[Abstract]:Elastography can provide elastic mechanics data of human tissue to describe the soft and hard degree of tissue, which plays an important role in the diagnosis and detection of disease. Before this technique is applied to the clinic, doctors generally use palpation to detect the changes of tissue hardness, which is subjective, poor repeatability and shallow diagnosis. The emergence of elastography fills the shortcomings of traditional imaging techniques that can not distinguish structures with similar structures but with different soft and hard structures. The combination of ultrasound imaging can provide morphological and elastic information at the same time, and provides a new method for disease detection and diagnosis, supplemented by mechanical properties and imaging. At present, ultrasonic elastography has become one of the most popular studies in the range of medical imaging. The object of this paper is static / quasi-static ultrasound elastography. The first part is one dimension displacement and strain estimation. The displacement estimation in Ultrasonic Elastic imaging is roughly divided into two categories based on time domain and frequency domain based displacement estimation. In order to solve the time shift of the corresponding radio frequency signal window before and after the external excitation, the heart is preprocessed by the time domain extension and amplitude frequency characteristic correction to improve the correlation between the signals. Finally, the Calman filter is used to obtain the one-dimensional displacement, and the second part of this paper is calculated by the convolution operator. On the basis of the traditional optical flow method, a two-dimensional strain estimation method based on the vector field prediction is proposed. The feature point of the optical flow is defined as the characteristic fingerprint information based on the peak of the envelope line. In this way, the error can be reduced when the light current is traced, and the two-dimensional displacement estimation of the ultrasonic radio frequency signal is realized, and the specific volume calculation is designed by designing a specific volume. The third part of this paper is the design and analysis of the experiment. The method of generating the emulation of the ultrasonic radio frequency signal by the finite element analysis software COMSOL and the sound field simulation software FIELD II is introduced in detail, and the proposed method is verified with four different models. Compared with the one-dimensional displacement estimation, the prediction of the overall displacement of the tissue before the calculation of the two-dimensional correlation can effectively improve the speed and accuracy of the calculation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP391.41;R445.1

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