【摘要】：目的分析煙臺市2016年某小學水痘暴發(fā)疫情的流行病學特征及危險因素,評價水痘減毒活疫苗(Var V)的保護效果(VE)。方法采用描述性方法分析疫情的分布特征,采用病例對照研究分析發(fā)病危險因素。分析不同Var V接種史者的水痘罹患率,評價Var V的VE。結(jié)果該起暴發(fā)共發(fā)生27例水痘病例,總罹患率為1.54%。共發(fā)生5代病例,歷時66天,出現(xiàn)3個發(fā)病高峰。校外及學校食堂午餐與此次疫情有顯著聯(lián)系(OR=20.26,95%CI:3.72-110.46;OR=12.15,95%CI:1.95-75.69)。暴露年級學生總Var V覆蓋率為87.55%,其中1、2劑次的覆蓋率分別為44.81%、42.74%。Var V的總VE為70.73%,其中1、2劑次的VE分別為62.20%、83.54%。結(jié)論密切接觸、2劑次Var V覆蓋率低是造成學校水痘暴發(fā)的重要原因。
[Abstract]:Objective to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of varicella outbreak in a primary school in Yantai City in 2016 and to evaluate the protective effect of live attenuated varicella vaccine (Var V) by (VE). Methods descriptive method was used to analyze the distribution of epidemic situation and case-control study was used to analyze the risk factors. To analyze the incidence rate of varicella in people with different history of Var V inoculation, and to evaluate the VE. of Var V Results there were 27 cases of varicella in this outbreak, the total attack rate was 1.54. A total of 5 generations of cases occurred, lasting 66 days, there were 3 peak incidence. Lunch outside school and school canteen was significantly associated with the epidemic (OR=20.26,95%CI:3.72-110.46;OR=12.15,95%CI:1.95-75.69). The total Var V coverage rate of the exposed grade students was 87.55, and the coverage rate of the first dose and the second dose was 44.81 and 42.74, respectively. The total VE of Var V was 70.73, and the VE of one dose and two doses was 62.20 and 83.54, respectively. Conclusion close contact and low Var V coverage were the main causes of varicella outbreak in schools.
【作者單位】： 煙臺市疾病預防控制中心;萊山區(qū)疾病預防控制中心;
【基金】：2014年煙臺市科技計劃項目第一批(編號2014WS053)
【分類號】：R181.81;R725.1
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本文編號：2272793