全外顯子測(cè)序在新生兒糖尿病研究中的應(yīng)用
Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (NDM) usually refers to diabetes occurring half a year after birth. It is a rare disease and is often inherited in a single gene mode. So far, nearly 20 kinds of pathogenic genes have been reported. All of them are related to the B cells of the islet, such as KCNJ11, ABCC8, INS, and GCK, but there are still about 30% of the patients who have not found the corresponding pathogeny. .NDM patients usually need life-long insulin therapy, but recent studies have shown that most patients with ABCC8 and KCNJ11 mutations in the potassium channel (KATP) gene can successfully replace insulin therapy with oral sulfonylureas early. Therefore, the gene diagnosis also has some guidance for the treatment of NDM.
The introduction of total exon sequencing (Whole exome sequencing) technology has made a great breakthrough in the study of single gene disease. The exons region plays an important role in regulating and encoding proteins, and most of the functional variations associated with genetic phenotype are in the exons. Since this technology was carried out in 2009, the number of functional variants has been successfully found. The unknown pathogenic gene of hundreds of Mendel diseases is currently being used in screening for the susceptibility genes of complex diseases. This study aims to explore the unknown pathogenic genes of NDM by exon sequencing.
Objects and methods
1. selection of cases
We first analyzed the most common pathogenicity gene (KCNJ11/ABCC8/INS/GCK) of 33 NDM patients in the center with the common test method, excluding the known pathogenicity (8). Among the remaining 25 patients, two patients with genetic regularity and typical symptoms were selected, but their parents' blood glucose level was normal. Total exon sequencing was carried out in four persons. Two ideas were used in the data analysis.
2. data analysis:
Idea one: two children from the same family developed the same disease at a similar very low age. The most likely cause of disease is heredity (called guess 1). Because parents are not sick, they are considered autosomal recessive genetic model, and then according to the same pathogenicity gene (guess 1.1) and two different pathogenic genes (guessing 1) .2) two cases of mutation were caused by statistical data. In addition, the new mutation of two children could not be completely eliminated (guess 2), but the incidence was very low and was not considered for the time being.
Idea two: the known pathogeny genes of NDM are all related to the islet B cells. According to their function, they are related to the development of the pancreas, the number of the islet B cell clusters and the three classes of insulin secretion. It is speculated that the unknown pathogenic gene may also be related to the B cells. We have conducted a literature search to list all the possible B cell related genes, one by one. Analysis, listing each member of the mutation genes and sites, and then analyze the possible pathogenic genes.
3. verification
The function and structure of the protein encoded by the candidate gene were retrieved on NCBI, and the clinical data and biochemical examination related to the gene were improved.
Result:
One result: conjecture 1.1: no common gene conforms to the autosomal recessive pattern. Conjecture 1.2: the four family lines are divided into two small family analyses due to different pathogenic genes, that is, the brother family (including younger brother and parent) and sister family (including sister and parent). 10 (SIPA1L1, SIPA) are obtained in the two families respectively. 1L3, OBSCN, KIAA0430, SERINC2, MS4A14, P2RX5, TRIM52, MAMDC2, PCSK1) and the 4 (KRTAP5-10, DCP1B, MAGI1) genes, combined with the gene function and the prediction results, may be a new responsible gene, but this gene does not explain the incidence of sister sister, and needs further validation.
Two results: all B cell related genes were retrieved and analyzed one by one, and three genes (CDKAL1, THADA, PCSK1) in the family were mutated, only PCSK1 conformed to the genetic model of Mendel disease.
Summary: PCSK1 may be a new responsible gene for NDM, which encodes a primary insulin processing enzyme that regulates the synthesis of insulin, and the PCSK1 mutation is associated with obesity and hyperinsulinemia.
Conclusion:
The purpose of this study is to search for the unknown pathogenic gene of NDM by full exon sequencing, and to find the candidate gene PCSK1 by analyzing a small family of 4 people with two NDM patients. It is related to the processing of proinsulin, but it still needs to be further verified. This study explored the application of all exons in the single gene disease and the data statistics. It also confirms its importance in the study of Mendelian diseases.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:R725.8
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