本文選題：母乳　切入點：反式脂肪酸　出處：《福建醫(yī)科大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的： 了解福州地區(qū)乳母產褥期生活方式、膳食結構以及母乳中脂肪酸(FA)與反式脂肪酸(TFA)的同分異構體的含量，研究它們之間的關系，以指導乳母合理膳食和健康的生活方式。 方法： 選取長期生活于福州且符合條件的乳母，進行“乳母生活方式、營養(yǎng)和健康狀況調查”，并測定母乳中的FA，同時用建立的“母乳中TFA的氣相色譜質譜(GC-MS)分析方法”測定母乳TFA。調查表與檢測結果經(jīng)核對、編碼、賦值和EpiData數(shù)據(jù)雙錄入，Excel軟件、營養(yǎng)計算軟件和SPSS13.0軟件進行膳食統(tǒng)計分析評價。非參數(shù)秩和檢驗(α=0.05)與Nemenyi多重比較(α=0.10)等統(tǒng)計方法分析FA與膳食結構、營養(yǎng)素攝入量的關系。 結果： 1.乳母產褥期禽畜肉類和蛋類平均每日攝入量分別達到乳母膳食寶塔參考攝入量的439.5%和350.0%，水果類和蔬菜類僅達到43.3%和25.0%，奶類及奶制品和豆類及豆制品為0%。能量平均每日攝入量僅達到乳母RNIs的78.5%，碳水化合物供能比例過低(34.3%)，蛋白質(27.9%)和脂肪(37.0%)供能比過高。鈣和VitC平均每日攝入量為乳母RNI或AI比的45.4%和73.8%，無奶類與豆類來源的鈣。 2.母乳脂肪酸中SFA含量為57.43%，MUFA為27.75%，n-6PUFA為14.43%，n-3PUFA為0.74%，n-6PUFA/n-3PUFA為19.28，LA/ALA為26.24。平原和沿海者EPA高于山區(qū)(P1=0.08，，P2=0.07)；研究生及以上LA/ALA比值高于高中及以下(P=0.06)；專業(yè)人員及公務員的DHA高于待業(yè)在家(P=0.06)；而純母乳喂養(yǎng)者SFA含量較低(P=0.046)，MUFA較高(P=0.043)。 3.建立“母乳中TFA的GC-MS分析方法”并優(yōu)化儀器與前處理條件，可用于12種TFA及其同分異構體的檢測，乳脂的方法檢出限為4.0-47.1mg/kg，回收率在80%-113%之間，RSD在2.9%-14.5%。TFA在部分母乳樣品中檢出，含量在9.5-46.9mg/kg之間。 結論： 1.乳母產褥期禽肉類和蛋類攝入充足甚至過量，但是蔬菜類、奶類及奶制品和豆類及豆制品攝入量極低，水果類的攝入量也不足。總能量攝入不足，三大營養(yǎng)素供能比不合理。鈣、VitC攝入量低，且無奶類及豆類來源鈣。建議適量增加谷薯類、重點增加奶類及奶制品，豆類及豆制品、蔬菜和水果的攝入，注意食物均衡，增加鈣與VitC含量高的食物攝入。 2.母乳FA中LA/ALA比值較高，需增加亞麻籽油、蘇籽油、大豆油和深海魚類、貝殼類水生動物和海藻等富含n-3系列FA的食物攝入。同時母乳FA含量，特別是不飽和脂肪酸含量還受到地理環(huán)境、社會因素與喂養(yǎng)方式等因素的影響，值得進一步研究。 3.母乳中TFA的GC-MS檢測方法與氣相色譜-FID法相比，具有定性、定量更準確的優(yōu)點。實際檢測中，TFA在部分母乳樣品中檢出，但含量均較低。
[Abstract]:Objective:To understand the life style, dietary structure and the contents of the isomers of fatty acid (FFA) and trans fatty acid (TFA) in breast milk during puerperium in Fuzhou area, and to study the relationship between them in order to guide the reasonable diet and healthy lifestyle of nursing mothers.Methods:A survey on the lifestyle, nutrition and health of nursing mothers was carried out in Fuzhou for a long period of time, and the TFA in breast milk was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method.The results of questionnaire and test were checked, coded, assigned and EpiData data were input into Excel software, nutrition calculation software and SPSS13.0 software for dietary statistical analysis and evaluation.Nonparametric rank sum test (偽 -0. 05) and Nemenyi multiple comparison (偽-0. 10) were used to analyze the relationship between FA and dietary structure and nutrient intake.Results:1.The average daily intake of poultry meat and eggs in puerperium was 439.5% and 350.0% of the reference intake, 43.3% and 25.0% for fruits and vegetables, and 0% for milk and dairy products, beans and bean products respectively.The average daily energy intake was only 78.5% of that of RNIs, and the ratio of carbohydrate energy supply was too low (34.3%, protein 27.9%) and fat 37.0% (P < 0.05).The average daily intake of calcium and VitC was 45.4% and 73.8% of the RNI or AI ratio of lactating mother, and there was no calcium from milk and beans.2.The content of SFA in breast milk fatty acids was 57.43, and the content of MUFA was 27.75% and 14.43%, 0.74% -6 PUFA / n-3 PUFA = 19.28 L / L / Ala was 26.24%.騫沖師鍜屾部嫻瘋

本文編號：1707946