本文選題：漢語自閉癥兒童　切入點(diǎn)：語義加工障礙　出處：《南京師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文旨在考察漢語自閉癥兒童是否存在語義加工障礙,同時如果存在將對造成此種障礙的原因進(jìn)行分析。 本文選取了9名漢語自閉癥兒童和9名典型發(fā)展兒童智齡匹配組,采用回憶任務(wù)考察了他們在無提示、檢索提示、編碼提示和全提示四種條件下回憶不相關(guān)詞匯、語義相關(guān)詞匯和語音相關(guān)詞匯的表現(xiàn),并據(jù)此探討了漢語自閉癥兒童的語義加工損傷及原因。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示：從回憶數(shù)量來看,漢語自閉癥兒童和典型發(fā)展兒童在整個實(shí)驗(yàn)中都不存在顯著差異；單獨(dú)提供語義編碼或語義檢索提示并不能有效提高自閉癥兒童回憶語義相關(guān)詞匯的表現(xiàn),僅在同時提供兩種提示的條件下才有明顯的提升；相對于語音相關(guān)詞匯,漢語自閉癥兒童在語義相關(guān)詞匯的回憶上一直存在優(yōu)勢,并在編碼提示和全提示下得到凸顯,表現(xiàn)出顯著的加工水平效應(yīng),回憶語義相關(guān)詞匯的數(shù)量表現(xiàn)顯著好于語音相關(guān)詞匯的。從語義范疇聚合程度來看,漢語自閉癥兒童在無提示條件下的ARC值顯著低于典型發(fā)展兒童；在語義編碼提示的幫助下,這一情況得以改變,達(dá)到了和匹配組相當(dāng)?shù)乃�。從系列位置表現(xiàn)來看,漢語自閉癥兒童無提示條件下回憶不相關(guān)詞匯表現(xiàn)出相對較弱的首因效應(yīng)和相對較強(qiáng)的近因效應(yīng),系列位置曲線趨勢異常。 漢語自閉癥兒童四種條件下的回憶表現(xiàn)結(jié)果表明該群體存在明顯的語義加工障礙,他們沒有有效地以語義為中介來組織詞匯的學(xué)習(xí)和記憶。此外,本文推測漢語自閉癥兒童在語義編碼和語義檢索上缺陷共存,是這兩方面因素共同作用導(dǎo)致了他們的語義加工障礙。漢語自閉癥兒童在語義編碼上的缺陷較為明顯,他們對詞語語義的編碼程度較低,且傾向于對詞語的特異性語義信息進(jìn)行加工,而忽視了語義關(guān)聯(lián)信息加工。本文贊同“自閉癥個體語義編碼發(fā)展年齡滯后”這一觀點(diǎn),同時不認(rèn)同漢語自閉癥兒童在語音加工上存在優(yōu)勢,駁斥了“自閉癥個體語音加工傾向”這一說法。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether Chinese autistic children have semantic processing disorders, and if so, to analyze the causes of these disorders. In this paper, 9 autistic Chinese children and 9 typical developmental children were selected to recall unrelated words under four conditions: no cues, retrieval cues, coding cues and full cues. The expression of semantic related vocabulary and phonetic related vocabulary, and the causes of semantic processing damage in Chinese autistic children were discussed. The results show that there is no significant difference between Chinese autistic children and typical developmental children in the whole experiment. Providing semantic coding or semantic retrieval cues alone can not effectively improve the performance of memory-related words in autistic children, but only when they are provided with two kinds of cues at the same time. Chinese autistic children have always had advantages in the recall of semantic related words, and have been highlighted with coding and full cues, showing a significant processing level effect. The ARC value of Chinese autistic children was significantly lower than that of the typical developing children in the condition of semantic category aggregation, and with the help of semantic coding cues, the ARC of autistic children was significantly lower than that of typical developmental children. This situation was changed to a level comparable to that of the matched group. From the point of view of the series of locational performances, the recall of unrelated words in Chinese autistic children showed a relatively weak primordial effect and a relatively strong proximal effect. Series position curve trend anomaly. The results of recall performance of Chinese autistic children under four conditions showed that the group had significant semantic processing barriers, and they did not effectively organize vocabulary learning and memory by using semantics as an intermediary. This paper speculated that the coexistence of semantic coding and semantic retrieval defects in Chinese autistic children is the joint action of these two factors that lead to their semantic processing disorders. The defects of Chinese autistic children in semantic coding are more obvious. They tend to process the specific semantic information of words and ignore the processing of semantic association information. This paper agrees with the view that the semantic coding of autistic individuals lags behind the development of semantic coding. At the same time, it disagrees with the superiority of Chinese autistic children in phonological processing, and refutes the claim that autistic individual phonetic processing tendency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R749.94

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本文編號：1683204