發(fā)布時間：2018-03-24 13:36

  本文選題：出生缺陷　切入點：育齡婦女　出處：《南華大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：目的： 了解湖南省育齡婦女掌握出生缺陷和優(yōu)生知識的水平、對此的態(tài)度及相關(guān)的行為，了解其對預防出生缺陷服務的相關(guān)需求狀況及相關(guān)評價，從而為本省進一步改進和提高預防出生缺陷服務質(zhì)量、制定優(yōu)生優(yōu)育服務策略以及出生缺陷干預措施的整體方案提供科學依據(jù)。 方法： 本研究通過多階抽樣和隨機抽樣法，在湖南省有代表性的5個市州內(nèi)抽取50個社區(qū)或行政村，再從中隨機抽出4575名18~45歲并在當?shù)鼐幼?年以上的育齡婦女作為調(diào)查對象，采用自行設(shè)計的調(diào)查表，進行面對面的問卷調(diào)查，了解育齡婦女對出生缺陷相關(guān)的知識、態(tài)度、行為（KAP）情況。所獲數(shù)據(jù)采用SPSS13.0統(tǒng)計軟件建立數(shù)據(jù)庫并進行分析，采用描述性統(tǒng)計分析、t檢驗、方差分析等方法對數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計分析。 結(jié)果： 1.共發(fā)放問卷4800份，回收有效問卷4575份，問卷有效率95.31%。 2.湖南省育齡婦女對預防出生缺陷相關(guān)知識平均得分10.61±3.405，其中57.9%不及格、35.8%及格、6.3%良好。不同年齡組育齡婦女的出生缺陷知識得分差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（F=50.028，p=0.000），其中以40歲以上年齡組平均得分最低；不同婚育狀況育齡婦女知識得分差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（F=5.185，p=0.006），其中以未婚育齡婦女平均得分最高；不同文化程度育齡婦女知識得分差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（F=195.618, p=0.000），，隨著文化程度的增高其平均得分呈增高的趨勢；不同職業(yè)育齡婦女知識得分情況不全相同（F=90.594, p=0.000），其中醫(yī)務人員組得分最高，其次是商業(yè)服務人員組、學生組、教師、公務人員及職員組，工人組居第三位，其他職業(yè)者居第四位，農(nóng)民組得分最低；城市與農(nóng)村育齡婦女知識得分差異有統(tǒng)計學意義（t=126.85，p=0.000），城市組得分高于農(nóng)村組。 3.湖南省育齡婦女對預防出生缺陷具體服務項目的認同率較高，均在68%以上，其態(tài)度與掌握出生缺陷知識的水平基本一致，對優(yōu)生服務有著較高的需求；其優(yōu)生知識主要來源于電視、廣播（61.0%）、親朋好友處（45.5%）、報紙、雜志、書籍（45.6%）及上網(wǎng)搜索（36.3%）；其期望獲取知識的途徑除以上四項主要還有優(yōu)生咨詢（50.2%）、優(yōu)生知識培訓（41.3%）、社區(qū)板報、宣傳欄（33.3%）及紙質(zhì)宣傳資料（35.5%）；接受過優(yōu)生咨詢及相關(guān)的技術(shù)服務的調(diào)查對象對服務質(zhì)量的評價不高，滿意度僅32.0%。 4.已婚及已育育齡婦女做婚前、產(chǎn)前醫(yī)學檢查的比例偏低，分別為61.8%與73.5%；參加新婚知識或優(yōu)生知識學習的比例較低（38.5%）。 結(jié)論： 1.湖南省育齡婦女對預防出生缺陷相關(guān)知識掌握不夠，整體水平低于其他部分地區(qū)調(diào)查結(jié)果； 2.育齡婦女優(yōu)生知識的主要獲取途徑為電視廣播、書報雜志、網(wǎng)絡及親友處； 3.年齡、職業(yè)、文化程度及城鄉(xiāng)差別都是育齡婦女出生缺陷知識水平的影響因素。
[Abstract]:Objective:. To understand the level of knowledge of birth defects and eugenics among women of childbearing age in Hunan Province, and their attitudes and related behaviors, and to understand their needs for services for the prevention of birth defects and their related evaluation. It provides scientific basis for further improving and improving the quality of birth defect prevention service, formulating eugenic and eugenic service strategy and the overall plan of birth defect intervention in our province. Methods:. Through multi-stage sampling and random sampling, 50 communities or administrative villages were selected from 5 representative cities in Hunan Province, and 4575 women of childbearing age who were 1845 years old and lived there for more than 5 years were randomly selected as the subjects. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge, attitude and behavior of women of childbearing age in relation to birth defects. The data were established and analyzed by SPSS13.0 software. Descriptive statistical analysis and variance analysis were used to analyze the data. Results:. 1. A total of 4800 questionnaires were sent out and 4575 valid questionnaires were collected. The effective rate of questionnaires was 95.31. 2. The average score of knowledge about prevention of birth defects among women of childbearing age in Hunan Province was 10.61 鹵3.405, of which 57.9% failed 35.8% and 6.3% were good. There were significant differences in the scores of knowledge about birth defects among women of different age groups. The average score of the upper age group was the lowest; The scores of knowledge of women of different marriage and childbearing age were significantly different (P < 0.05), and the average score of unmarried women of childbearing age was the highest. The differences of knowledge scores among women of different educational levels were statistically significant (P < 0.05). With the increase of education level, the average scores of knowledge scores of women of different educational levels were increased, and the scores of knowledge scores of women of different occupational age were not all the same (90.594, p0. 000), among which the medical staff group had the highest score. The second was business service group, student group, teacher, public servant and staff group, the worker group was the third, the other occupation group was the fourth, and the farmer group had the lowest score. The difference of knowledge score between urban and rural women was statistically significant, and the score of urban group was higher than that of rural group. 3. Hunan women of childbearing age have a higher recognition rate of specific services for the prevention of birth defects, all of which are above 68%. Their attitude is basically consistent with the level of knowledge of birth defects, and there is a higher demand for eugenic services. Its eugenic knowledge mainly comes from television, radio, 61.0, relatives and friends, newspapers, magazines, books, etc.) and Internet search. Besides the above four main ways to acquire knowledge, there are also eugenic counseling, eugenics training, eugenic knowledge training, and community boards. Propaganda column 33.3) and paper propaganda materials were 35.50.The survey subjects who had received eugenic counseling and related technical services were not high in the evaluation of service quality, and their satisfaction was only 32.0. 4. The proportion of prenatal medical examination for married and fertile women before marriage was low, 61.8% and 73.5%, respectively, and the proportion of taking part in the study of newlyweds or eugenics was 38.5%. Conclusion:. 1. Hunan women of childbearing age do not have enough knowledge about the prevention of birth defects, and the overall level is lower than that of other regions; 2. The main access to eugenics knowledge of women of childbearing age is television broadcasting, books, newspapers and magazines, the Internet and relatives and friends; 3. Age, occupation, education level and difference between urban and rural areas are all factors influencing the knowledge level of birth defects in women of childbearing age.
【學位授予單位】：南華大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：R174

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