本文選題：飲食行為　切入點(diǎn)：城市　出處：《中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：研究背景兒童時(shí)期是生長發(fā)育的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,在這個(gè)時(shí)期其營養(yǎng)需要甚至高于成年人,充足的營養(yǎng)是他們智力和體格正常發(fā)育,乃至一生健康的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ)。同時(shí),兒童時(shí)期也是飲食行為和生活方式形成的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,這個(gè)時(shí)期形成的良好的飲食習(xí)慣和生活方式會(huì)使他們終生受益。因此,需要加強(qiáng)兒童的飲食健康教育,促進(jìn)其養(yǎng)成良好的飲食行為和生活方式。研究目的研究北京、廣州、南京、重慶、濟(jì)南、哈爾濱6個(gè)城市四～五年級小學(xué)生的營養(yǎng)知識水平、態(tài)度,了解其相關(guān)營養(yǎng)教育的需求、食物攝入頻次及飲食行為,為相關(guān)部門制定學(xué)生營養(yǎng)改善政策和計(jì)劃提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。研究方法本研究采用多階段分層隨機(jī)整群抽樣,首先從北京、廣州、南京、重慶、濟(jì)南、哈爾濱6個(gè)城市中分別隨機(jī)抽取兩個(gè)中心城區(qū)和兩個(gè)近郊城區(qū),再從每個(gè)城區(qū)中隨機(jī)選取3所小學(xué),然后從選中的每所學(xué)校的四～五年級中分別隨機(jī)選擇2個(gè)班,所選取班級中的所有學(xué)生作為調(diào)查對象參加調(diào)查。通過問卷調(diào)查的方法,收集四~五年級學(xué)生的營養(yǎng)相關(guān)知識、態(tài)度、食物攝入、早餐、零食、中式快餐、西式快餐、飲料等飲食行為現(xiàn)況。包括《學(xué)生膳食攝入調(diào)查問卷》和《學(xué)生營養(yǎng)知識、態(tài)度、行為調(diào)查問卷》,統(tǒng)一采用自填的方式填寫。研究結(jié)果本次調(diào)查共發(fā)放問卷12220份,問卷回收率為100%,剔除不合格問卷后,有效問卷為12197,問卷有效率為99.8%。六城市小學(xué)四、五年級學(xué)生對營養(yǎng)知識的知曉率一般,對于谷物、含蛋白質(zhì)食物、含鈣食物有超過60%的兒童有了解,而對于含鐵食物的了解只有不到一半的人數(shù)。對營養(yǎng)知識的需求比例很高,從想要獲得營養(yǎng)知識的途徑來看,除了希望從家庭、課本及校園的宣傳來獲得知識,還希望從網(wǎng)絡(luò)、同學(xué)朋友處獲得知識的比例也大大增長。并且無論是對營養(yǎng)知識的興趣,還是對飲食、早餐和營養(yǎng)知識對健康重要性的認(rèn)可,甚至是愿意為健康改變飲食行為的態(tài)度,接受的比例都高達(dá)90%以上。在食物攝入頻次方面,肉類、蛋類攝入頻次較為平均但仍有12%和13%的比例幾乎不吃,魚蝦類、豆類、菌藻類攝入頻次普遍較低,奶類、新鮮蔬菜水果類攝入頻次已達(dá)較高水平,并且奶類幾乎每天都喝者超過50%,營養(yǎng)補(bǔ)充劑攝入雖不普遍但也有增加的趨勢。本次調(diào)查對象中仍有1.3%的比例不吃早餐,每周僅吃1-2次早餐的比例為3.2%,幾乎每天都吃比例為88.5%,有31.8%的兒童早餐營養(yǎng)質(zhì)量較差,蛋白質(zhì)和蔬菜水果的攝入的比例都較低未達(dá)到50%,奶類攝入的比例也還不足70%。六城市中家里是消費(fèi)零食的主要場所,消費(fèi)比例高達(dá)96.4%,在家、在學(xué)校最常吃的零食前三為水果蔬菜、奶類、谷類,而在其他地方則為谷類、糖果和飲料,首選零食的原因都是好吃。每周食用中式快餐次數(shù)超過5次的比例大約為10.3%,食用西式快餐超過5次的比例為4.5%,每周1-2次的人數(shù)比例最多分別為36.9%和41.4%。消費(fèi)快餐的原因首先都是好吃,并且對快餐認(rèn)識不足,意識到中式快餐和西式快餐食物搭配不合理比例僅為1.9%和2.7%,中式快餐和西式快餐營養(yǎng)價(jià)值不合理的比例為5.2%和15.3%,中式快餐和西式快餐熱能含量不合理8.5%和6.4%。六城市小學(xué)四、五年級學(xué)生在家中消費(fèi)飲料的比例高達(dá)92.5%,其次是在其他地方為70.7%,學(xué)校最低為51.4%,女生消費(fèi)飲料的比例都高于男生,五年級學(xué)生消費(fèi)比例高于四年級學(xué)生。純牛奶飲用的人數(shù)比例最高,但在選擇碳酸飲料方面男生的比例要遠(yuǎn)高于女生,并且在家、在學(xué)校和在其他地方在最常飲用飲料中碳酸飲料的排名依次上升。選擇飲料的首選原因是好喝本次研究可以看出綜合飲食行為良好的比例占大多數(shù)為88.5%,飲食行為健康的占6.0%,仍有5.5%的綜合飲食行為較差。結(jié)論六城市小學(xué)四、五年級學(xué)生對營養(yǎng)知識的知曉率一般,對營養(yǎng)知識的需求比例很高,營養(yǎng)相關(guān)的態(tài)度良好,愿意改變不良飲食習(xí)慣的比例很高。食物攝入頻次中除奶類和新鮮蔬菜水果每周攝入頻次較高,其余攝入頻次一般。仍有小部分兒童不吃早餐,并且早餐中蛋白質(zhì)和蔬菜水果的攝入較少,早餐營養(yǎng)質(zhì)量差所占比較較高。零食和飲料消費(fèi)普遍,且好吃和好喝都是首選原因。對快餐的認(rèn)識普遍存在不足,有少部分兒童甚至每周食用快餐超過5次。綜合飲食行為良好者占大多數(shù),但綜合飲食行為較差者依然存在,仍需進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)健康和飲食行為的宣傳教育。
[Abstract]:The research background of childhood is the critical period of growth and development in this period, the nutritional needs of even higher than that of adults, adequate nutrition is their mental and physical health and normal development, the material basis of life. At the same time, childhood is a critical period of the formation of dietary behavior and lifestyle, the period of the formation of good eating habits and life the way will benefit them all through their life. Therefore, we need to strengthen the health education of diet of children, promote their eating behavior and life style. Good to study in Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chongqing, Ji'nan, nutrition knowledge and 6 Harbin City four to the fifth grade pupils' attitude, understand the relevant nutrition education needs the frequency of food intake, and dietary behaviors, making students nutrition improvement policies and plans to provide a scientific basis for the relevant departments. This research adopts the method of multi A stratified random cluster sampling, the first from Beijing, Guangzhou, Nanjing, Chongqing, Ji'nan, Harbin 6 city were randomly selected in two urban centres and two suburban districts, each district from 3 randomly selected primary school, and then from each school selected from four to 2 were randomly selected in the fifth grade the selected classes, all students in the class as the subjects participated in the study. Through the questionnaire survey method, from four to the fifth grade students' nutrition knowledge, attitude, food intake, breakfast, snacks, Chinese fast food, western fast food, beverage and other current dietary behaviors. Students' dietary intake questionnaire including < > and < students' nutrition knowledge, attitude, behavior questionnaire "was used, unified way to fill. The results of this survey a total of 12220 questionnaires, the questionnaire recovery rate was 100%, after excluding unqualified questionnaires, 12197 valid questionnaires, the questionnaire Efficiency of 99.8%. six city primary school four, the fifth grade students of nutrition knowledge, for cereals, protein foods, calcium rich foods are more than 60% children have to understand, and to understand the iron containing foods less than half the number of people. The high demand for nutritional knowledge proportion, access to nutrition knowledge from the point of view in addition to want, hope from the family, textbooks and campus publicity to acquire knowledge, also hope from the network, students acquire knowledge of the proportion of friends has greatly increased. And both of the nutrition knowledge, interest, or food and beverage, recognized breakfast and nutrition knowledge on the importance of health, health and even willing to change eating behavior attitude, accept the proportion as high as 90%. The frequency of food intake in meat, eggs, the average frequency of intake is still 12% and 13% of the proportion of almost do not eat fish, beans, bacteria The frequency of intake of algae is generally low, milk, fresh vegetables and fruit intake frequency has reached a high level, and the milk drink almost every day more than 50%, though not universal but the intake of nutritional supplements are also increasing. The object of this investigation is still in the proportion of 1.3% do not eat breakfast, eat breakfast 1-2 times a week only. The proportion of 3.2%, almost every day to eat breakfast have a ratio of 88.5%, 31.8% of the children in poor nutritional quality, the proportion of the protein intake of fruit and vegetables are low does not reach 50%, the proportion of milk intake is below six 70%. in the home city is the main place for food consumption zero, consumption proportion is as high as 96.4%, in home, most often eat snacks in school before three for fruits and vegetables, milk, Cereals, and other places for cereals, sweets and drinks, snacks are preferred because delicious. Edible Chinese fast food per week more than 5 times the proportion is about 10.3%, Eat Western fast food more than 5 times the proportion is 4.5%, the weekly number of 1-2 times the largest proportion respectively 36.9% and 41.4%. are the first fast-food consumption of fast food delicious, and lack of knowledge, to realize Chinese fast food and Western fast food collocation unreasonable proportion was only 1.9% and 2.7%, Chinese fast food and Western fast food nutritional value the reasonable ratio of 5.2% and 15.3%, Chinese fast food and Western fast food energy content is not reasonable and 8.5% 6.4%. six city primary school four, the fifth grade students drink at home in the proportion is as high as 92.5%, followed by 70.7% schools in other places, the lowest is 51.4%, the proportion of female consumer drinks are higher than that of boys, the fifth grade students the consumption ratio is higher than the fourth grade students. The highest proportion of the number of pure milk drinking carbonated drinks, but in the choice of terms is far higher than the proportion of boys and girls, at home, at school and in other places in the Most often drinking carbonated drinks in the ranking rose. Preferred beverage is good reason for choosing this study can be seen comprehensive good eating behavior accounted for most of 88.5%, healthy eating behavior accounted for 6%, comprehensive dietary behavior is still 5.5% poor. Conclusion the six city primary school four, the fifth grade students awareness of nutrition the general knowledge rate, high demand for nutritional knowledge, attitudes related to good nutrition, willing to change bad eating habits in a high proportion. The frequency of food intake in addition to milk and fresh fruits and vegetables in the weekly intake of high frequency, the frequency of intake in general. There is still a small part of children do not eat breakfast, and fruit and vegetable protein breakfast in the breakfast intake less, poor nutritional quality for relatively high. Snacks and drinks consumption generally, and eat and drink are preferred. Knowledge of food generally kept in A small number of children even eat more than 5 times a week. Most of them have good comprehensive dietary behaviors. However, those who have poor comprehensive dietary behaviors still exist, and health education and dietary behaviors need further strengthening.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R153.2

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

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本文編號：1611156