本文選題：小兒　切入點(diǎn)：支原體肺炎　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目的：本研究探討小兒肺炎支原體肺炎的發(fā)病的流行病學(xué)與臨床特點(diǎn)，為該病的預(yù)防提供有益的參考。 方法：回顧性地對(duì)2009年12月份～2011年12月份以肺炎診斷收住吉林大學(xué)第三臨床醫(yī)院兒科的197例肺炎支原體肺炎患兒的發(fā)病特點(diǎn)、臨床癥狀、體征、輔助檢查資料、肺外并發(fā)癥、治療及轉(zhuǎn)歸進(jìn)行分析。 結(jié)果：1.4歲以上年齡段支原體肺炎，病例占同年齡段肺炎總病例數(shù)23.60%以上，顯著高于3歲以內(nèi)小兒（P=0.0004）。2.小兒支原體肺炎以秋、冬季發(fā)病顯著高于其他季節(jié)。3.男女兩性發(fā)病比率無顯著差異4.本組支原體肺炎患兒中約89%的患兒均有不同程度發(fā)熱，且年齡越小，發(fā)熱率越高，全部嬰兒患者出現(xiàn)發(fā)熱；年齡越小，發(fā)熱程度越高，嬰兒患者有近一半的病例。各年齡段在發(fā)熱率和發(fā)熱程度上存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的顯著性差異，(2=20.66，P=0.0081)。5.學(xué)齡前和嬰幼兒患者刺激性干咳的發(fā)生率波動(dòng)在23%～32.5%之間，年長(zhǎng)兒刺激性干咳發(fā)生率為67.5%，青春期組達(dá)89.19%，不同年齡間刺激性干咳的發(fā)生率存在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的顯著性差異(2=122.27，P0.0001)。6.幼兒和學(xué)齡前兒童咳痰發(fā)生率分別為48.15%和65%，明顯高于學(xué)齡兒童和嬰兒，但是有69.24%的嬰兒有喉頭痰鳴，占有該癥狀全部19例患兒的47.37%(P0.0001）。7. WBC10×109/L者僅占全部病例的30.46%，67.01%病兒的外周血白細(xì)胞在正常范圍。8.62.44%的患兒血清C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)在正常范圍內(nèi)；但是各年齡組患兒C反應(yīng)蛋白升高的比率有顯著性差異，(2=35.42P＜0.0001)，年長(zhǎng)兒升的比率高明顯高于低齡兒。9.影像學(xué)檢查顯示，所有患兒均有肺部影像學(xué)改變,肺部影像學(xué)表現(xiàn)呈多樣性,嬰幼兒以斑片狀陰影多見,學(xué)齡兒童出現(xiàn)節(jié)段性、大片狀陰影較常見（2=42.38，P=0.0001）。10.肺外并發(fā)癥者的發(fā)生率較低，僅有37.05%。11.小兒支原體肺炎對(duì)阿奇霉素敏感，197例全部治愈出院，住院時(shí)間平均14.6天。 結(jié)論: 1.發(fā)熱是支原體肺炎的主要癥狀，且年齡越小，，發(fā)熱率越高；年齡越小，發(fā)熱程度也越高； 2.年長(zhǎng)兒多有刺激性干咳；年幼兒多有咳痰； 3.雖然所有患兒均有肺部影像學(xué)改變，但是聽診有肺部羅音者僅為18.78%； 4.小兒支原體肺炎對(duì)阿奇霉素敏感；
[Abstract]:Objective: to investigate the epidemiology and clinical characteristics of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children, and to provide useful reference for the prevention of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia. Methods: from December 2009 to December 2011, 197 cases of mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in pediatrics of the third Clinical Hospital of Jilin University were retrospectively analyzed. Treatment and outcome were analyzed. Results Mycoplasma pneumonia in the age group over 1.4 years old accounted for more than 23.60% cases of pneumonia in the same age group, which was significantly higher than that in children under 3 years old. The incidence rate in winter was significantly higher than that in other seasons. There was no significant difference between male and female. 4. About 89% of the children with mycoplasma pneumonia had different degrees of fever, and the younger the age, the higher the fever rate, and all the infants had fever. The younger the age, the higher the degree of fever, and nearly half of the cases were infantile. There were statistically significant differences in fever rate and fever degree between different age groups. The incidence of irritating dry cough in preschool and infant patients fluctuated between 23% and 32.5%. The incidence of irritating dry cough was 67.5% in the older infants and 89.19 in the puberty group. There was a significant difference in the incidence of irritating dry cough between different ages. The incidence of sputum in infants and preschool children was 48.15% and 65, respectively, which was higher than that in preschool children. Children and infants of school age, However, 69.24% infants had laryngeal phlegm, 47.37% of the 19 children with this symptom had P0.0001 / L, 7.The WBC10 脳 10 9 / L group accounted for only 30.46% of all cases. The peripheral blood leukocytes of 67.01% of the children were in the normal range. 8.62.44% of the children had the normal range of serum C-reactive protein (C-reactive protein). However, there was significant difference in the ratio of elevated C-reactive protein among different age groups (P < 0.0001, P < 0.0001). The rate of elevation of C-reactive protein in older children was significantly higher than that in low-age children. Imaging examination showed that all children had pulmonary imaging changes, and the imaging manifestations of lung were diverse. The incidence of extrapulmonary complications was lower in children with extrapulmonary complications, only 37.05 .11.The children with mycoplasma pneumonia were all cured of azithromycin in 197 cases. The average hospital stay was 14.6 days. Conclusion:. 1. Fever is the main symptom of mycoplasma pneumonia, and the younger the age, the higher the fever rate, the lower the age, the higher the degree of fever. 2. The older children have irritating dry cough, and the young children have expectoration. 3. Although all children had lung imaging changes, only 18.78 patients had lung rales at auscultation. 4. Mycoplasma pneumonia in children was sensitive to azithromycin;
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：R725.6

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