發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-04 21:18

  本文選題：習(xí)慣　切入點(diǎn)：營養(yǎng)狀況　出處：《中國學(xué)校衛(wèi)生》2017年10期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：目的了解哈爾濱城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)中小學(xué)生生活習(xí)慣對其營養(yǎng)狀況的影響,為指導(dǎo)中小學(xué)生養(yǎng)成健康的生活方式提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。方法于2014年9月隨機(jī)抽取哈爾濱市城鄉(xiāng)的小學(xué)(四、五年級)、初中、高中各1所學(xué)校,采用2014年全國學(xué)生體質(zhì)與健康調(diào)研學(xué)生問卷對5 016名學(xué)生進(jìn)行問卷調(diào)查以及身高、體重現(xiàn)場測量。結(jié)果城市學(xué)生中睡眠時(shí)間8h/d的占62.0%,鄉(xiāng)村地區(qū)睡眠8 h/d的占55.1%;城、鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)不吃早餐的學(xué)生占1.2%和3.1%;城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)分別有27.5%和28.4%的學(xué)生認(rèn)為課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)過重應(yīng)付不來;城鄉(xiāng)地區(qū)學(xué)生每天體育鍛煉時(shí)間不足30 min的比例分別為27.7%,24.9%。城鄉(xiāng)學(xué)生的睡眠時(shí)間、吃早餐情況、喝牛奶、吃雞蛋、課業(yè)負(fù)擔(dān)感受、每天做作業(yè)時(shí)間、看電視玩游戲時(shí)間、每天體育鍛煉時(shí)間、上體育課的感受差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2值分別為30.80,46.50,110.86,18.41,56.48,186.83,117.40,147.87,119.58,P值均0.01)。學(xué)生的體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(body mass index,BMI)整體上隨著年齡的增長而增大,9,13,14,17歲城鄉(xiāng)男女生之間BMI差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P值均0.05)。哈爾濱地區(qū)學(xué)生仍存在營養(yǎng)不良和超重肥胖的現(xiàn)象,尤以超重、肥胖情況嚴(yán)重,并且男生檢出率高于女生,但營養(yǎng)不良狀況男女生之間的比較與之相反。多元線性回歸分析結(jié)果顯示,愿意參加長跑鍛煉、每天平均睡眠時(shí)間、上體育課時(shí)的感覺、平均每天作家庭作業(yè)的時(shí)間、每周吃雞蛋情況、平均每天看電視、玩游戲的時(shí)間、父母在業(yè)余時(shí)間里是否喜歡參加體育活動(dòng)、每周吃早餐情況是中小學(xué)生營養(yǎng)狀況的重要影響因素。結(jié)論哈爾濱城、鄉(xiāng)中小學(xué)生中依然存在著不良生活習(xí)慣現(xiàn)象,對學(xué)生的生長發(fā)育會(huì)產(chǎn)生不良的影響。
[Abstract]:Objective to understand the influence of primary and secondary school students' life habits on their nutritional status in Harbin, and to provide basic data for guiding primary and middle school students to develop a healthy lifestyle. Methods in September 2014, primary schools in Harbin were randomly selected. In the fifth grade, middle school and high school, 5 016 students were investigated with the 2014 National Student physique and Health Survey student questionnaire and their height. Results the sleeping time of 8h / d was 62.0% in urban students, 55.1% in rural areas, 1.2% and 3.1% in urban and rural areas, 27.5% and 28.4% students in urban and rural areas thought they could not cope with the heavy burden of schoolwork. The proportion of students in urban and rural areas who exercise less than 30 min a day was 27.70.The sleep time, breakfast, milk, eggs, homework and video game time of students in urban and rural areas were 27.7% and 24.9%, respectively. Exercise time every day, There were statistically significant differences in the feeling of physical education (蠂 ~ 2 = 30.80 / 46.50 / 110.861 / 18.41 / 56.48 / 186.83.117.407147.87/ 119.58 / P, respectively). The body mass index (mass) of students increased with the increase of age (P < 0.05). The difference of BMI between urban and rural students aged 913131417 was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Students in Harbin are still malnourished and overweight. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was especially serious, and the prevalence rate of boys was higher than that of girls, but the comparison between male and female students with malnutrition was the opposite. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that they were willing to take part in long distance running exercise and had average sleep time every day. How you feel in physical education, the average time you do homework every day, how you eat eggs a week, how much time you spend watching TV, playing games, whether your parents like to take part in sports in their spare time. Conclusion there are still bad living habits in primary and middle school students in Harbin city and rural areas, which will have a negative effect on the growth and development of primary and middle school students.
【作者單位】： 齊齊哈爾醫(yī)學(xué)院公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院;哈爾濱醫(yī)科大學(xué)公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院;
【分類號】：R153.2

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