由于技術(shù)改革,在過去的三十年里中國的養(yǎng)禽業(yè)取得巨大的發(fā)展。這促使中國成為世界上最大的禽蛋和禽肉生產(chǎn)國。此外,養(yǎng)禽業(yè)也滿足國家的13.5億人民的營養(yǎng)需求與優(yōu)質(zhì)蛋白質(zhì)的供給。中國家禽業(yè)主要依賴于飼養(yǎng)本地品種和進(jìn)口品種的肉用型和蛋用型雞。雞蛋的生物學(xué)價(jià)值全面,含有大量的維生素、礦物質(zhì)及質(zhì)美價(jià)廉的蛋白質(zhì)。由于國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的多重上漲,消費(fèi)者的購買力增加,這顯示出對家禽產(chǎn)品的市場需求。FAO預(yù)測未來十年人均雞肉消費(fèi)量從11.2/kg/年增加到13.8/kg/年。很明顯消費(fèi)者喜歡的地方品種雞,因其低產(chǎn)性能這將很難應(yīng)對家禽產(chǎn)品的供應(yīng)和需求。只能通過與高產(chǎn)的商品蛋雞進(jìn)行比較,進(jìn)而識(shí)別阻礙地方品種生產(chǎn)性能的生物因子,然后通過品種的選育來平衡地方品種雞的不足。家禽的生產(chǎn)性能主要是取決于卵泡發(fā)育,因此有必要深入研究卵泡發(fā)育的調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)理以及通過其調(diào)控來改進(jìn)品種。本文旨在比較傳統(tǒng)地方品種雞與商業(yè)蛋雞的差異,建立卵泡的體外培養(yǎng)體系,研究生長因子對卵泡發(fā)育的調(diào)控作用,為進(jìn)一步調(diào)高地方品種蛋雞的產(chǎn)蛋性能提供理論依據(jù)。1.高產(chǎn)和低產(chǎn)品種蛋雞肝臟和卵巢發(fā)育的比較為了比較高產(chǎn)和低產(chǎn)兩種不同品種蛋雞的產(chǎn)蛋性能的差異,在實(shí)驗(yàn)一中我們比... 

【文章來源】：浙江大學(xué)浙江省 211工程院校 985工程院校 教育部直屬院校

【文章頁數(shù)】：95 頁

【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士

【文章目錄】：
摘要
ABSTRACT
ABBREVIATIONS
Chapter 1 Introduction
Chapter 2 Review of literatures
    2.1 Poultry industry in China
    2.2 Effect of intense selection on the reproductive physiology of hens
    2.3 The reproductive system of hens
        2.3.1 Follicles
        2.3.2 The post ovulatory follicles
    2.4 Factors affecting the growth of follicles
    2.5 Factors promoting primordial follicular development
        2.5.1 Kit ligand(KL,stem cell factor,SCF)
        2.5.2 Leukemia inhibitory factor(LIF)
        2.5.3 Bone morphogenetic protein 4(BMP4)
        2.5.4 BMP7
        2.5.5 Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)
        2.5.6 Basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF)
        2.5.7 Anti-Miillerian hormone
    2.6 Structure of egg and its composition
    2.7 Mechanism and components of lipoprotein transport
        2.7.1 LDL receptor relatives in the chicken
        2.7.2 Mammalian low density lipoprotein receptor(LDLR)
        2.7.3 Avian LDLR ortholog
        2.7.4 Chicken VLDL receptor structure and functions
        2.7.5 Receptor-mediated endocytosis
        2.7.6 The chicken oocyte receptor for VLDL
    2.8 Vitellogenin within the endosomes
        2.8.1 Vitellogenesis
        2.8.2 Folliculogenesis and oocytes maturation
        2.8.3 Receptors for vitellogenin:biochemical studies
        2.8.4 Restricted ovulator(R/O)and VTG and VLDL receptor
        2.8.5 Clathrin mediated endocytosis
Chapter 3 The morphological comparison of high and low producing breeds of hens
    Abstract
    3.1 Introduction
    3.2 Material and Methods
        3.2.1 Animals
        3.2.2 Sample selection
        3.2.3 Histological analysis
        3.2.4 Morphological measurement of the ovary and oviduct
        3.2.5 Follicular density measurement
        3.2.6 Scatistics
    3.3 Results
        3.3.1 Morphological difference of organs
        3.3.2 Follicular densities per unit section in each hen
        3.3.3 Histollgy of liver,ovary and oviduct
        3.3.4 Egg quality parameters s
    3.4 Discussion
Chapter 4 Isolation and culture of the primordial follicles
    Abstract
    4.1 Introduction
    4.2 Material and Methods
        4.2.1 Animals
        4.2.2 Ovarian tissue collection
        4.2.3 Isolation of the follicles
        4.2.4 Follicular live and dead assay
        4.2.5 Haemotoxlin and Eosin staining
        4.2.6 Follicular culturing conditions
        4.2.7 Preparation of the alginate beads
        4.2.8 Statistical analysis
    4.3 Results
        4.3.1 Recovery number of the primordial follicles
        4.3.2 Follicular viability assay
        4.3.3 Follicular morphology
        4.3.4 Culturing conditions
        4.3.5 Characterization of the follicles
    4.4 Discussion
Chapter 5 Effect of leukemia inhibitory factor on the growth of follicles
    Abstract
    5.1 Introduction
    5.2 Material and Methods
        5.2.1 Ovarian tissues from the 14 days chickens
        5.2.2 Ovarian tissues from the 35 days chickens
        5.2.3 Culture of small yellow follicle
        5.2.4 Bromodeoxyuridine incorporation
    5.3 Results
        5.3.1 H & E staining
        5.3.2 BrdU staining
        5.3.3 Presence of LIF factor in tissues
    5.4 Discussion
Chapter 6 Overall discussion,conclusion and novelty
    6.1 Overall discussion
    6.2 Conclusion
    6.3 Novelties
References
List of publications



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