灌服瘤胃液對(duì)犢牛生長(zhǎng)性能及胃腸道發(fā)育的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-07-02 20:57
【摘要】：犢牛的胃腸道發(fā)育關(guān)系到犢牛對(duì)飼料的采食以及營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的轉(zhuǎn)化和吸收,對(duì)犢牛的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育和日后的生產(chǎn)性能具有重要意義。反芻動(dòng)物瘤胃中存在系統(tǒng)的微生物區(qū)系和相應(yīng)的發(fā)酵產(chǎn)物,它們與瘤胃的發(fā)育相互作用,相互影響。盡早地讓犢牛瘤胃發(fā)育可以讓犢牛快速適應(yīng)粗飼料,提早斷奶日齡,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益等。本試驗(yàn)旨在通過(guò)給新生犢牛灌服健康成年牛的瘤胃液的途徑進(jìn)行微生物的人工接種,研究其對(duì)犢牛的生長(zhǎng)性能和胃腸道發(fā)育的影響。本論文從以下幾個(gè)部分進(jìn)行相關(guān)試驗(yàn):1.研究了灌服瘤胃液對(duì)犢牛的生長(zhǎng)性能包括體重、體尺、采食量、飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率以及腹瀉率的影響。試驗(yàn)選擇了體重相近,健康狀況良好的20頭新生荷斯坦公犢牛,采用完全隨機(jī)試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),將犢牛分為2組:瘤胃液灌服組(RD)和滅菌瘤胃液灌服組(AD)即對(duì)照組,兩組日糧和飼喂模式一致。試驗(yàn)期77天,每天記錄犢牛采食量和腹瀉情況,從犢牛出生起每周稱量體重,測(cè)量體尺,計(jì)算平均日增重和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率。灌服用的瘤胃液采集自兩頭成年健康安裝有永久性瘤胃瘺管的奶牛,分別在犢牛出生第3日齡、7日齡、21日齡、42日齡和50日齡進(jìn)行5次灌服,每次相應(yīng)的灌服量為100,200,300,400和500mL,其中RD組的瘤胃液直接灌服,AD組的瘤胃液灌服前先經(jīng)過(guò)高壓滅菌。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),灌服瘤胃液對(duì)犢牛的生長(zhǎng)性能沒(méi)有顯著影響,RD組和AD組犢牛的體重、體高、體斜長(zhǎng)、胸圍、管圍、采食量、平均日增重和飼料轉(zhuǎn)化率均沒(méi)有顯著差異(P0.05),但RD組犢牛的腹瀉率卻顯著低于AD組(P0.05)。2.研究了灌服瘤胃液對(duì)犢牛胃腸道發(fā)酵功能以及小腸內(nèi)消化酶的活性的影響。試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)同第一部分,所有犢牛在77日齡時(shí)進(jìn)行宰殺。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),灌服瘤胃液對(duì)犢牛瘤胃內(nèi)的pH、VFA和NH3-N的濃度,小腸內(nèi)的胰蛋白酶、糜蛋白酶、脂肪酶、乳糖酶、α-淀粉酶的活性以及大腸內(nèi)的VFA濃度均無(wú)影響(P0.05),但是顯著降低了瘤胃內(nèi)乙酸與丙酸的比例(P = 0.03)以及盲腸乙酸與丙酸的比例(P = 0.03),另外結(jié)腸乙酸/丙酸也有降低的趨勢(shì)(P= 0.09)。3.研究了灌服瘤胃液對(duì)犢牛胃腸道結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)育的影響。試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì)同第一部分,通過(guò)對(duì)復(fù)胃的重量、小腸的長(zhǎng)度、瘤胃和小腸上皮的顯微結(jié)構(gòu)研究灌服瘤胃液后所產(chǎn)生的差異。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),灌服瘤胃液除了提高了十二指腸的絨毛高度(P = 0.02),整個(gè)復(fù)胃和瘤胃的重量,小腸長(zhǎng)度,瘤胃乳頭的長(zhǎng)度和寬度,十二指腸的隱窩深度以及小腸其他腸段的絨毛高度和隱窩深度均不受影響(P0.05)。綜上,本試驗(yàn)中瘤胃液的灌服作為給犢牛瘤胃接種微生物的方式,并沒(méi)有對(duì)犢牛的生長(zhǎng)性能以及瘤胃和小腸的發(fā)育產(chǎn)生顯著影響,但卻改變了瘤胃的發(fā)酵模式,并對(duì)犢牛早期的腹瀉發(fā)病具有一定的抑制作用,說(shuō)明犢牛瘤胃可能由于瘤胃液的灌服而使微生物提早定植或者是受到了灌服瘤胃液的微生物或化學(xué)物質(zhì)的影響而使瘤胃內(nèi)環(huán)境發(fā)生改變。
[Abstract]:The gastrointestinal development of calves is related to the feed intake and nutrient transformation and absorption of calves, and is of great significance to the growth and development of calves and the future performance of calves. There are systematic microbial flora and corresponding fermentation products in rumen of ruminants, which interact with rumen development and interact with each other. The rumen development of calves as soon as possible can make calves adapt to roughage quickly, advance weanling age, improve economic benefit and so on. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of microbial inoculation on the growth performance and gastrointestinal development of newborn calves by injecting rumen juice into rumen juice of healthy adult calves. In this paper, the related experiments are carried out from the following parts: 1. The effects of rumen juice on the growth performance of calves, including body weight, body size, feed intake, feed conversion rate and diarrhea rate, were studied. Twenty newborn Holstein calves with similar weight and good health were selected. The calves were divided into two groups: rumen juice administration group (RD) and sterilized rumen juice administration group (AD). The diet and feeding mode of the two groups were the same. During the experimental period of 77 days, the feed intake and diarrhea of calves were recorded every day. The body weight was weighed every week from the birth of calves, the body size was measured, and the average daily weight gain and feed conversion rate were calculated. The rumen juice was collected from two healthy adult cows with permanent rumen fistula. The calves were given 5 times at the 3rd day of birth, 7 days old, 21 days old, 42 days old and 50 days old, respectively. The corresponding dosage was 100200300400 and 500ml, in which the rumen juice of RD group was directly perfused, and the rumen fluid of AD group was sterilized by high pressure before administration. The results showed that rumen juice had no significant effect on the growth performance of calves. There were no significant differences in body weight, body height, oblique length, chest circumference, tube circumference, feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion rate between RD group and AD group, but the diarrhea rate of RD group was significantly lower than that of AD group (P 0.05). The effects of rumen juice on gastrointestinal fermentation and digestive enzyme activity in calves were studied. The experimental design was the same as the first part, in which all calves were slaughtered at 77 days of age. The results showed that rumen juice had no effect on the concentration of pH,VFA and NH3-N in rumen, the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, lactase, 偽-amylase in small intestine and the concentration of VFA in large intestine (P 0.05), but significantly decreased the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in rumen (P = 0.003) and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in cecum (P = 0.003). In addition, acetic acid / propionic acid in colon also decreased (P = 0.09). The effect of rumen juice on gastrointestinal structure of calves was studied. In the first part of the experiment, the difference between rumen juice and rumen juice was studied by studying the weight of stomach, the length of small intestine and the microstructure of rumen and small intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that rumen juice had no effect on the villi height (P = 0.02), the weight of the whole stomach and rumen, the length and width of rumen nipples, the depth of recess in the duodenum and the villi height and recess depth in other intestinal segments of the small intestine (P < 0.05), except for the villi height (P = 0.02), the weight of the whole stomach and rumen, the length and width of rumen nipples. In summary, rumen juice administration as a way of inoculating microbes into the rumen of calves did not have a significant effect on the growth performance of calves and the development of rumen and small intestine, but it changed the fermentation mode of rumen and inhibited the incidence of diarrhea in calves to a certain extent. It is suggested that the rumen of calves may be planted early due to the administration of rumen juice, or the rumen environment may be changed due to the influence of microorganisms or chemicals infused with rumen juice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S823
本文編號(hào)：2509227
[Abstract]:The gastrointestinal development of calves is related to the feed intake and nutrient transformation and absorption of calves, and is of great significance to the growth and development of calves and the future performance of calves. There are systematic microbial flora and corresponding fermentation products in rumen of ruminants, which interact with rumen development and interact with each other. The rumen development of calves as soon as possible can make calves adapt to roughage quickly, advance weanling age, improve economic benefit and so on. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of microbial inoculation on the growth performance and gastrointestinal development of newborn calves by injecting rumen juice into rumen juice of healthy adult calves. In this paper, the related experiments are carried out from the following parts: 1. The effects of rumen juice on the growth performance of calves, including body weight, body size, feed intake, feed conversion rate and diarrhea rate, were studied. Twenty newborn Holstein calves with similar weight and good health were selected. The calves were divided into two groups: rumen juice administration group (RD) and sterilized rumen juice administration group (AD). The diet and feeding mode of the two groups were the same. During the experimental period of 77 days, the feed intake and diarrhea of calves were recorded every day. The body weight was weighed every week from the birth of calves, the body size was measured, and the average daily weight gain and feed conversion rate were calculated. The rumen juice was collected from two healthy adult cows with permanent rumen fistula. The calves were given 5 times at the 3rd day of birth, 7 days old, 21 days old, 42 days old and 50 days old, respectively. The corresponding dosage was 100200300400 and 500ml, in which the rumen juice of RD group was directly perfused, and the rumen fluid of AD group was sterilized by high pressure before administration. The results showed that rumen juice had no significant effect on the growth performance of calves. There were no significant differences in body weight, body height, oblique length, chest circumference, tube circumference, feed intake, average daily gain and feed conversion rate between RD group and AD group, but the diarrhea rate of RD group was significantly lower than that of AD group (P 0.05). The effects of rumen juice on gastrointestinal fermentation and digestive enzyme activity in calves were studied. The experimental design was the same as the first part, in which all calves were slaughtered at 77 days of age. The results showed that rumen juice had no effect on the concentration of pH,VFA and NH3-N in rumen, the activities of trypsin, chymotrypsin, lipase, lactase, 偽-amylase in small intestine and the concentration of VFA in large intestine (P 0.05), but significantly decreased the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in rumen (P = 0.003) and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid in cecum (P = 0.003). In addition, acetic acid / propionic acid in colon also decreased (P = 0.09). The effect of rumen juice on gastrointestinal structure of calves was studied. In the first part of the experiment, the difference between rumen juice and rumen juice was studied by studying the weight of stomach, the length of small intestine and the microstructure of rumen and small intestinal epithelial cells. The results showed that rumen juice had no effect on the villi height (P = 0.02), the weight of the whole stomach and rumen, the length and width of rumen nipples, the depth of recess in the duodenum and the villi height and recess depth in other intestinal segments of the small intestine (P < 0.05), except for the villi height (P = 0.02), the weight of the whole stomach and rumen, the length and width of rumen nipples. In summary, rumen juice administration as a way of inoculating microbes into the rumen of calves did not have a significant effect on the growth performance of calves and the development of rumen and small intestine, but it changed the fermentation mode of rumen and inhibited the incidence of diarrhea in calves to a certain extent. It is suggested that the rumen of calves may be planted early due to the administration of rumen juice, or the rumen environment may be changed due to the influence of microorganisms or chemicals infused with rumen juice.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S823
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