【摘要】：反芻動(dòng)物瘤胃甲烷的生成,不僅造成了對(duì)飼料能量的浪費(fèi),還作為一種溫室氣體是大氣環(huán)境溫室效應(yīng)問題的制造者之一。近年來,畜牧養(yǎng)殖的規(guī)模化發(fā)展,動(dòng)物腸道甲烷的排放量逐年遞增,已不容忽視。因此,無論從經(jīng)濟(jì)角度還是環(huán)境角度,減少人為甲烷的排放已刻不容緩,在此尤其是反芻動(dòng)物瘤胃甲烷的排放。本文采用短期(24h)人工瘤胃發(fā)酵試驗(yàn),通過單因素隨機(jī)分組試驗(yàn),研究分別添加洋蔥、生姜和葫蘆巴三種提取物對(duì)瘤胃發(fā)酵及甲烷產(chǎn)量的影響,并利用現(xiàn)代分子生物學(xué)方法RT-PCR、DGGE、16S/18S rDNA序列分析等觀測(cè)了主要相關(guān)微生物原蟲、細(xì)菌、真菌群體數(shù)量及區(qū)系結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,初步探究植物提取物的作用機(jī)理。24h發(fā)酵結(jié)束后,結(jié)果如下:(1)分別添加三種提取物對(duì)瘤胃發(fā)酵參數(shù)的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),較對(duì)照組,添加洋蔥提取物極顯著降低總產(chǎn)氣量(P0.01),葫蘆巴提取物極顯著升高總產(chǎn)氣量(P0.01),而生姜提取物對(duì)總產(chǎn)氣量沒有顯著影響。三種提取物的添加對(duì)發(fā)酵液pH值、揮發(fā)性脂肪酸總濃度及乙丙丁三種短鏈脂肪酸濃度均沒有顯著影響,但添加生姜提取物顯著降低乙丙比(P0.05),其他兩種提取物對(duì)乙丙比沒有顯著影響;三種提取物的添加均極顯著降低發(fā)酵液氨氮濃度(P0.01),其中生姜提取物使其減少最多。而對(duì)底物消化的影響,三種提取物的添加均極顯著降低發(fā)酵底物的干物質(zhì)降解率(P0.01)。(2)對(duì)體外瘤胃CH4生成的影響。添加生姜和葫蘆巴提取物極顯著減少甲烷產(chǎn)量(P0.01),而洋蔥提取物對(duì)甲烷產(chǎn)量沒有顯著影響。(3)微生物區(qū)系的研究結(jié)果顯示,三種提取物的添加不同程度的對(duì)某些瘤胃細(xì)菌、真菌、原蟲等瘤胃微生物的數(shù)量有顯著的影響,表現(xiàn)為上調(diào)或下調(diào)某些微生物。而對(duì)瘤胃細(xì)菌和真菌區(qū)系變化的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),體外發(fā)酵試驗(yàn)使二者的微生物多樣性有下降趨勢(shì),而植物提取物的添加有緩解這一趨勢(shì)的跡象。因此,本文研究結(jié)果表明,生姜和葫蘆巴提取物在不顯著改變瘤胃發(fā)酵內(nèi)環(huán)境的同時(shí)可抑制瘤胃甲烷的生成,而這種影響是通過調(diào)控瘤胃復(fù)雜的微生物對(duì)有機(jī)物降解過程實(shí)現(xiàn)的,具有作為飼料添加劑抑制甲烷排放的潛力和前景。
[Abstract]:The formation of methane in rumen of ruminants not only results in the waste of feed energy, but also as a greenhouse gas is one of the manufacturers of Greenhouse Effect problem in atmospheric environment. In recent years, with the large-scale development of animal husbandry, methane emissions from animal intestines are increasing year by year, which can not be ignored. Therefore, it is urgent to reduce the emission of artificial methane from the economic and environmental point of view, especially the methane emission from rumen of ruminants. In this paper, short-term (24 h) artificial rumen fermentation test was carried out, and the effects of onion, ginger and cucurbitum on rumen fermentation and methane production were studied by single factor random grouping test, and the changes of population number and floristic structure of main related microbial protozoa, bacteria and fungi were observed by modern molecular biological method RT-PCR,DGGE,16S/18S rDNA sequence analysis. The mechanism of plant extract was preliminarily explored. After 24 h fermentation, the results were as follows: (1) the effects of three kinds of extract on rumen fermentation parameters. The results showed that compared with the control group, the total gas production was significantly decreased by adding onion extract (P01), while the total gas production was significantly increased by gourd extract (P01), but ginger extract had no significant effect on the total gas production. The addition of the three kinds of extract had no significant effect on the pH value of fermentation broth, the total concentration of volatile fatty acids and the concentration of three short-chain fatty acids, but the addition of ginger extract significantly decreased the ratio of ethylene to propylene (P 0.05), while the other two extract had no significant effect on the ratio of ethylene to propylene. The addition of the three kinds of extract significantly decreased the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in fermentation broth (P 0.01), among which ginger extract significantly reduced the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in fermentation broth (P 0.01). However, the effect of substrate digestion on the production of CH4 in rumen in vitro was significantly decreased by the addition of the three extracts (P01). (2). The addition of ginger and cucurbitum extract significantly decreased methane production (P 0.01), but onion extract had no significant effect on methane production. (3) the results of microbial flora showed that the addition of three kinds of extract had significant effects on the number of rumen microorganisms such as rumen bacteria, fungi, protozoa and so on, which showed that the addition of onion extract had a significant effect on the number of rumen microorganisms such as rumen bacteria, fungi, protozoa and so on, which showed that the addition of onion extract had no significant effect on methane production. The study on the flora changes of rumen bacteria and fungi found that the microbial diversity of rumen bacteria and fungi decreased by fermentation in vitro, and the addition of plant extract showed a sign to alleviate this trend. Therefore, the results showed that ginger and cucurbitum extract could not significantly change the environment of rumen fermentation, but also inhibit the production of methane in rumen, which was realized by regulating the degradation process of organic matter by rumen complex microorganisms, and had the potential and prospect of inhibiting methane emission as feed additive.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S816

【共引文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前8條

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本文編號(hào)：2503682