【摘要】：目前,我國現行《雞的飼養(yǎng)標準》和NRC(1994)家禽營養(yǎng)需要量中只對青年雞和產蛋雞飼糧中鈣的需要量提供參考,然而對初產蛋雞到產蛋高峰這段過渡期蛋雞日糧中鈣的添加量沒有明確的標準。因此,本試驗通過在蛋雞日糧中給予不同的增鈣模式,研究其對初產蛋雞生產性能、血液生化指標、脛骨質量和蛋品質的影響,確定初產蛋雞在18周齡和產蛋率分別達5%、50%、90%時的日糧最佳的鈣的添加量,為蛋雞日糧中合理的使用鈣提供理論依據和參考。試驗采用隨機單因素方差設計,選取18周齡海蘭灰商品蛋雞480只,隨機分為Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4個處理組,每組4個重復,每個重復30只。不同處理組在基礎日糧(玉米-豆粕型)中添加不同水平的鈣,使各組蛋雞18周齡、產蛋率達5%、50%、90%時日糧的增鈣模式分別為:Ⅰ組2.0%、2.2%、2.4%、3.75%;Ⅱ組2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.75%;Ⅲ組2.0%、3.0%、3.75%、3.75%;Ⅳ組2.0%、3.75%、3.75%、3.75%。試驗期10周,其中預飼期1周,正試期9周。試驗結果表明:①試驗Ⅲ組產蛋率最高,與Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ組相比分別提高了8.71%(P0.05)、4.01%(P0.05)、5.81%(P0.05);蛋重各組之間差異不顯著(P0.05);采食量Ⅰ組顯著高于其他處理組(P0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組間差異不顯著(P0.05)。料蛋比各組間差異不顯著(P0.05)。軟破殼畸形蛋率Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組差異不顯著(P0.05),但是Ⅰ組顯著高于其他處理組(P0.05)。②恥骨間距Ⅰ組顯著低于其他處理組(P0.05);髖骨寬Ⅲ、Ⅳ組顯著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ組(P0.05);體斜長、胸骨長、脛骨長和脛圍各組間無顯著差異(P0.05)。脛骨強度試驗Ⅲ組最大,較試驗Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ分別提高了21.05%(P0.05)、14.63%(P0.05)、7.68%(P0.05)。脛骨質量與鈣含量試驗Ⅲ組顯著高于試驗Ⅰ、Ⅱ組(P0.05)。脛骨指數、脛骨磷含量各試驗組差異不顯著。③產蛋率達50%時,試驗Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組血鈣含量依次降低,其中試驗Ⅰ、Ⅱ組顯著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ組(P0.05);產蛋率達90%時,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組血鈣含量依次升高,Ⅳ組顯著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ組(P0.05),與Ⅲ組無顯著差異(P0.05)。產蛋率達50%時,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組血磷含量依次降低,Ⅰ組比Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組分別高出21.84%(P0.05)、35.95%(P0.05)和51.20%(P0.05);產蛋率達90%時,血磷含量各組間無顯著差異(P0.05)。產蛋全期,血清PTH含量Ⅲ和Ⅳ組均顯著低于Ⅰ組(P0.05)。血清CT含量,產蛋率達50%和90%時Ⅲ、Ⅳ組分別顯著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ組(P0.05)和Ⅱ組(P0.05)。產蛋率達50%時,血清BGP含量,各組間無顯著差異(P0.05);但是產蛋率達90%時,Ⅲ、Ⅳ組顯著低于Ⅰ組(P0.05),與Ⅱ組無顯著差異(P0.05)。④當產蛋率達50%時,蛋殼鈣含量試驗Ⅲ組顯著高于試驗Ⅰ組(P0.05),與Ⅱ、Ⅳ組間差異不顯著(P0.05);蛋殼重、蛋殼強度、蛋殼厚度、蛋重、蛋黃顏色、蛋白高度,各組間差異不顯著(P0.05);蛋殼顏色Ⅲ組最均勻。當產蛋率達90%時,蛋殼鈣含量Ⅲ組顯著高于試驗Ⅰ、Ⅱ組(P0.05),但與Ⅳ組間差異不顯著(P0.05);蛋殼重、蛋殼強度、蛋殼厚度試驗Ⅲ組值最高,顯著高于Ⅰ組(P0.05),與Ⅱ、Ⅳ組差異不顯著(P0.05);蛋重、蛋黃顏色、蛋白高度各組間差異不顯著(P0.05);蛋殼亮度Ⅲ組顯著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ組(P0.05),且均勻。上述結果表明:當蛋雞5%、50%、90%產蛋率日糧鈣水平分別為3.0%、3.75%和3.75%時,有助于促進蛋雞的生產性能和穩(wěn)定骨骼質量,同時提高蛋品質和蛋殼質量,減少雞蛋的破損率。
[Abstract]:At present, only the amount of calcium in the diet of young chicken and egg-laying hens is provided in China's current and NRC (1994) poultry nutrition requirements. However, there is no clear criteria for the amount of calcium in the period of the early-stage laying hen to the egg-laying peak. The effects of different calcium-increasing patterns on the production performance, blood biochemical index, the quality of the tibia and the quality of the egg were studied in the diets of the laying hens. The results showed that the egg-laying hens were 5% and 50% at the 18-week-old and the egg-laying rate, respectively. The best calcium content in daily ration during the period of 90% was used to provide the theoretical basis and reference for the rational use of calcium in the laying hen's daily ration. The random single factor variance design was used in the experiment. The 480-week-old and 18-week-old egg-laying hens were randomly divided into four groups: 鈪，

本文編號：2496265