【摘要】：目前,我國現(xiàn)行《雞的飼養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》和NRC(1994)家禽營(yíng)養(yǎng)需要量中只對(duì)青年雞和產(chǎn)蛋雞飼糧中鈣的需要量提供參考,然而對(duì)初產(chǎn)蛋雞到產(chǎn)蛋高峰這段過渡期蛋雞日糧中鈣的添加量沒有明確的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。因此,本試驗(yàn)通過在蛋雞日糧中給予不同的增鈣模式,研究其對(duì)初產(chǎn)蛋雞生產(chǎn)性能、血液生化指標(biāo)、脛骨質(zhì)量和蛋品質(zhì)的影響,確定初產(chǎn)蛋雞在18周齡和產(chǎn)蛋率分別達(dá)5%、50%、90%時(shí)的日糧最佳的鈣的添加量,為蛋雞日糧中合理的使用鈣提供理論依據(jù)和參考。試驗(yàn)采用隨機(jī)單因素方差設(shè)計(jì),選取18周齡海蘭灰商品蛋雞480只,隨機(jī)分為Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ4個(gè)處理組,每組4個(gè)重復(fù),每個(gè)重復(fù)30只。不同處理組在基礎(chǔ)日糧(玉米-豆粕型)中添加不同水平的鈣,使各組蛋雞18周齡、產(chǎn)蛋率達(dá)5%、50%、90%時(shí)日糧的增鈣模式分別為:Ⅰ組2.0%、2.2%、2.4%、3.75%;Ⅱ組2.0%、2.5%、3.0%、3.75%;Ⅲ組2.0%、3.0%、3.75%、3.75%;Ⅳ組2.0%、3.75%、3.75%、3.75%。試驗(yàn)期10周,其中預(yù)飼期1周,正試期9周。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:①試驗(yàn)Ⅲ組產(chǎn)蛋率最高,與Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ組相比分別提高了8.71%(P0.05)、4.01%(P0.05)、5.81%(P0.05);蛋重各組之間差異不顯著(P0.05);采食量Ⅰ組顯著高于其他處理組(P0.05),Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組間差異不顯著(P0.05)。料蛋比各組間差異不顯著(P0.05)。軟破殼畸形蛋率Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組差異不顯著(P0.05),但是Ⅰ組顯著高于其他處理組(P0.05)。②恥骨間距Ⅰ組顯著低于其他處理組(P0.05);髖骨寬Ⅲ、Ⅳ組顯著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ組(P0.05);體斜長(zhǎng)、胸骨長(zhǎng)、脛骨長(zhǎng)和脛圍各組間無顯著差異(P0.05)。脛骨強(qiáng)度試驗(yàn)Ⅲ組最大,較試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ分別提高了21.05%(P0.05)、14.63%(P0.05)、7.68%(P0.05)。脛骨質(zhì)量與鈣含量試驗(yàn)Ⅲ組顯著高于試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ組(P0.05)。脛骨指數(shù)、脛骨磷含量各試驗(yàn)組差異不顯著。③產(chǎn)蛋率達(dá)50%時(shí),試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組血鈣含量依次降低,其中試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ組顯著高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ組(P0.05);產(chǎn)蛋率達(dá)90%時(shí),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組血鈣含量依次升高,Ⅳ組顯著高于Ⅰ和Ⅱ組(P0.05),與Ⅲ組無顯著差異(P0.05)。產(chǎn)蛋率達(dá)50%時(shí),Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組血磷含量依次降低,Ⅰ組比Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ組分別高出21.84%(P0.05)、35.95%(P0.05)和51.20%(P0.05);產(chǎn)蛋率達(dá)90%時(shí),血磷含量各組間無顯著差異(P0.05)。產(chǎn)蛋全期,血清PTH含量Ⅲ和Ⅳ組均顯著低于Ⅰ組(P0.05)。血清CT含量,產(chǎn)蛋率達(dá)50%和90%時(shí)Ⅲ、Ⅳ組分別顯著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ組(P0.05)和Ⅱ組(P0.05)。產(chǎn)蛋率達(dá)50%時(shí),血清BGP含量,各組間無顯著差異(P0.05);但是產(chǎn)蛋率達(dá)90%時(shí),Ⅲ、Ⅳ組顯著低于Ⅰ組(P0.05),與Ⅱ組無顯著差異(P0.05)。④當(dāng)產(chǎn)蛋率達(dá)50%時(shí),蛋殼鈣含量試驗(yàn)Ⅲ組顯著高于試驗(yàn)Ⅰ組(P0.05),與Ⅱ、Ⅳ組間差異不顯著(P0.05);蛋殼重、蛋殼強(qiáng)度、蛋殼厚度、蛋重、蛋黃顏色、蛋白高度,各組間差異不顯著(P0.05);蛋殼顏色Ⅲ組最均勻。當(dāng)產(chǎn)蛋率達(dá)90%時(shí),蛋殼鈣含量Ⅲ組顯著高于試驗(yàn)Ⅰ、Ⅱ組(P0.05),但與Ⅳ組間差異不顯著(P0.05);蛋殼重、蛋殼強(qiáng)度、蛋殼厚度試驗(yàn)Ⅲ組值最高,顯著高于Ⅰ組(P0.05),與Ⅱ、Ⅳ組差異不顯著(P0.05);蛋重、蛋黃顏色、蛋白高度各組間差異不顯著(P0.05);蛋殼亮度Ⅲ組顯著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ組(P0.05),且均勻。上述結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)?shù)半u5%、50%、90%產(chǎn)蛋率日糧鈣水平分別為3.0%、3.75%和3.75%時(shí),有助于促進(jìn)蛋雞的生產(chǎn)性能和穩(wěn)定骨骼質(zhì)量,同時(shí)提高蛋品質(zhì)和蛋殼質(zhì)量,減少雞蛋的破損率。
[Abstract]:At present, only the amount of calcium in the diet of young chicken and egg-laying hens is provided in China's current and NRC (1994) poultry nutrition requirements. However, there is no clear criteria for the amount of calcium in the period of the early-stage laying hen to the egg-laying peak. The effects of different calcium-increasing patterns on the production performance, blood biochemical index, the quality of the tibia and the quality of the egg were studied in the diets of the laying hens. The results showed that the egg-laying hens were 5% and 50% at the 18-week-old and the egg-laying rate, respectively. The best calcium content in daily ration during the period of 90% was used to provide the theoretical basis and reference for the rational use of calcium in the laying hen's daily ration. The random single factor variance design was used in the experiment. The 480-week-old and 18-week-old egg-laying hens were randomly divided into four groups: 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：2496265