日糧添加谷氨酰胺對(duì)幼齡獺兔免疫性能、盲腸菌群及骨骼肌的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-06-08 08:10
【摘要】：獺兔是一種具有較高經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值的皮肉兼用型經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)物。斷奶后的1~2個(gè)月是獺兔免疫力相對(duì)低下、疾病多發(fā)的階段,對(duì)其健康和生產(chǎn)性能造成多種不利影響。谷氨酰胺作為一種條件性必需氨基酸,對(duì)不良體況下的動(dòng)物有抗應(yīng)激、增強(qiáng)免疫、促進(jìn)組織修復(fù)和生長(zhǎng)等作用,可作為理想的綠色添加劑。本試驗(yàn)以日糧添加不同水平谷氨酰胺對(duì)幼齡獺兔免疫指標(biāo)、盲腸代表性菌種數(shù)量及肌肉發(fā)育為方向展開研究,選取體況相近公母各半35日齡的斷奶獺兔240只,隨機(jī)分為O、A、B、C、D、E6個(gè)組(每組40只,每只為一個(gè)重復(fù)),分別飼喂谷氨酰胺添加量為0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%和2.0%的日糧。預(yù)試期7天,正式試驗(yàn)60天,分I、II兩階段,在正式試驗(yàn)第30天和第60天空腹對(duì)所有試驗(yàn)獺兔稱重后每組分別抽取6只體重接近(3公3母)的獺兔進(jìn)行屠宰采樣以檢測(cè)其各項(xiàng)免疫指標(biāo)及腸道菌群數(shù)量,對(duì)第60天獺兔的肌肉樣本進(jìn)行組織學(xué)和相關(guān)基因表達(dá)分析。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.日糧添加谷氨酰胺可以改善幼齡獺兔免疫力,提高其免疫器官指數(shù),極顯著增加各階段血清IgA及GSH含量(P0.01);從MUC1、MUC2基因的相對(duì)表達(dá)量反映出斷奶后第一個(gè)月幼齡獺兔的腸道環(huán)境更為脆弱,日糧添加谷氨酰胺可維持健康的回腸粘膜狀態(tài);第I階段以1.6%添加水平效果最好,第II階段降為0.8%。另外,谷氨酰胺對(duì)兩個(gè)階段幼齡獺兔血清IgG、IgM含量無(wú)顯著影響(P0.05)或有不同程度降低(P0.05或P0.01),對(duì)第II階段回腸MUC2表達(dá)無(wú)顯著影響(P0.05)。2.日糧添加谷氨酰胺可以明顯改善兩個(gè)階段幼齡獺兔的盲腸菌群數(shù)量與結(jié)構(gòu),增加有益優(yōu)勢(shì)菌白色瘤胃球菌(Ruminococcusalbus)和另枝菌(Alistipes)數(shù)量(P0.05),同時(shí)減少潛在致病菌梭菌(Clostridium)及大腸桿菌(Escherichia coli)數(shù)量(P0.05或P0.01),保持盲腸微生物的平衡狀態(tài),但對(duì)各階段總菌無(wú)明顯影響(P0.05)。第I階段1.6%添加水平效果較好,第II階段以0.8%添加水平效果較好。3.日糧添加谷氨酰胺可調(diào)控幼齡獺兔肌細(xì)胞的相關(guān)基因表達(dá),上調(diào)胰島素生長(zhǎng)因子IGF-I、IGF-II及脂肪酸合酶基因FASNmRNA的表達(dá)量(P0.05或P0.01),極顯著降低及肌細(xì)胞生長(zhǎng)抑制素MSTNmRNA的表達(dá)量(P0.01),進(jìn)而促進(jìn)幼齡獺兔骨骼肌的發(fā)育,且隨著日糧谷氨酰胺添加水平的上升,肌纖維的密度逐漸提高,同時(shí)肌纖維直徑和肌漿比例浮動(dòng)下降。綜上所述:日糧添加谷氨酰胺可以改善幼齡獺兔免疫力,增強(qiáng)回腸粘膜免疫;對(duì)盲腸內(nèi)容物菌群而言,谷氨酰胺可有效降低有害菌數(shù)量,提高有益菌數(shù)量,增強(qiáng)幼齡獺兔的消化道性能,進(jìn)而利于幼兔在應(yīng)激條件下保持健康;同時(shí),谷氨酰胺可調(diào)控及細(xì)胞內(nèi)相關(guān)基因的表達(dá),促進(jìn)肌肉發(fā)育,改善肌纖維特性。綜合健康方面各個(gè)指標(biāo)分析得出斷奶后第一個(gè)月幼齡獺兔日糧谷氨酰胺的最適添加量為1.6%,斷奶后第二個(gè)月為0.8%。
[Abstract]:Rex rabbit is a kind of economic animal with high economic value. 1 脳 2 months after weanling is the stage of relatively low immunity and frequent diseases in Rex rabbits, which has a variety of adverse effects on their health and performance. Glutamine, as a conditional essential amino acid, can resist stress, enhance immunity, promote tissue repair and growth, and can be used as an ideal green additive. In this experiment, 240 weanling Rex rabbits with similar male and female body condition of 35 days old were randomly divided into two groups: the immune index of young Rex rabbits supplemented with different levels of glutamine, the number of representative strains in cecum and muscle development. B, C, D, E6 groups (40 rats in each group, one repeat each) were fed with glutamine supplementation of 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%, respectively. The pre-trial period is 7 days, and the official trial is 60 days. It is divided into two stages: I. II. On the 30th and 60th day of the official trial, six Rex rabbits weighing close to weight (3 males and 3 females) were slaughtered and sampled to detect the immune indexes and the number of intestinal flora in each group. The muscle samples of Rex rabbits on the 60th day were analyzed by histology and related gene expression. The main results are as follows: 1. Dietary glutamine supplementation could improve the immunity of young Rex rabbits, increase the index of immune organs, and significantly increase the contents of serum IgA and GSH in each stage (P01). The relative expression of MUC1,MUC2 gene reflected that the intestinal environment of young Rex rabbits at the first month after weanling was more fragile, and glutamine supplementation could maintain a healthy ileal mucosa. The effect of 1.6% addition level was the best in stage I, and decreased to 0.8% in stage II. In addition, glutamine had no significant effect on serum IgG,IgM content in young Rex rabbits at two stages (P05) or decreased in varying degrees (P05 or P01), but had no significant effect on MUC2 expression in ileum in stage II (P05). 2. Dietary glutamine supplementation could significantly improve the number and structure of cecum flora in young Rex rabbits at two stages, and increase the number of beneficial dominant bacteria (Ruminococcusalbus) and (Alistipes) (P 0.05). At the same time, the number of Clostridium perfringens (Clostridium) and E. coli (Escherichia coli) was decreased (P 0.05 or P 0.01), and the balance of cecum microorganisms was maintained, but there was no significant effect on the total bacteria in each stage (P 0.05). The effect of 1.6% addition level in stage I is better than that in stage II with 0.8% addition level. 3. Dietary glutamine could regulate the expression of related genes in muscle cells of young Rex rabbits and up-regulate the expression of insulin growth factor IGF-I,IGF-II and fatty acid synthase gene FASNmRNA (P 0.05 or P 0.01). The expression of MSTN mRNA was significantly decreased and the expression of MSTN mRNA was significantly decreased (P01), which promoted the development of skeletal muscle in young Rex rabbits, and the density of muscle fibers increased gradually with the increase of dietary glutamine supplementation level. At the same time, the diameter of muscle fiber and the ratio of sarcoplasmic plasma fluctuated and decreased. To sum up: dietary glutamine can improve the immunity of young Rex rabbits and enhance the immunity of ileum mucosa. For cecum content flora, glutamine can effectively reduce the number of harmful bacteria, increase the number of beneficial bacteria, enhance the digestive tract performance of young Rex rabbits, and thus benefit the young rabbits to maintain health under stress conditions. At the same time, glutamine can regulate the expression of intracellular related genes, promote muscle development and improve muscle fiber characteristics. The results of comprehensive health analysis showed that the optimum amount of glutamine in the diet of young Rex rabbits was 1.6% in the first month after weanling and 0.8% in the second month after weanling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S829.1
本文編號(hào)：2495137
[Abstract]:Rex rabbit is a kind of economic animal with high economic value. 1 脳 2 months after weanling is the stage of relatively low immunity and frequent diseases in Rex rabbits, which has a variety of adverse effects on their health and performance. Glutamine, as a conditional essential amino acid, can resist stress, enhance immunity, promote tissue repair and growth, and can be used as an ideal green additive. In this experiment, 240 weanling Rex rabbits with similar male and female body condition of 35 days old were randomly divided into two groups: the immune index of young Rex rabbits supplemented with different levels of glutamine, the number of representative strains in cecum and muscle development. B, C, D, E6 groups (40 rats in each group, one repeat each) were fed with glutamine supplementation of 0%, 0.4%, 0.8%, 1.2%, 1.6% and 2.0%, respectively. The pre-trial period is 7 days, and the official trial is 60 days. It is divided into two stages: I. II. On the 30th and 60th day of the official trial, six Rex rabbits weighing close to weight (3 males and 3 females) were slaughtered and sampled to detect the immune indexes and the number of intestinal flora in each group. The muscle samples of Rex rabbits on the 60th day were analyzed by histology and related gene expression. The main results are as follows: 1. Dietary glutamine supplementation could improve the immunity of young Rex rabbits, increase the index of immune organs, and significantly increase the contents of serum IgA and GSH in each stage (P01). The relative expression of MUC1,MUC2 gene reflected that the intestinal environment of young Rex rabbits at the first month after weanling was more fragile, and glutamine supplementation could maintain a healthy ileal mucosa. The effect of 1.6% addition level was the best in stage I, and decreased to 0.8% in stage II. In addition, glutamine had no significant effect on serum IgG,IgM content in young Rex rabbits at two stages (P05) or decreased in varying degrees (P05 or P01), but had no significant effect on MUC2 expression in ileum in stage II (P05). 2. Dietary glutamine supplementation could significantly improve the number and structure of cecum flora in young Rex rabbits at two stages, and increase the number of beneficial dominant bacteria (Ruminococcusalbus) and (Alistipes) (P 0.05). At the same time, the number of Clostridium perfringens (Clostridium) and E. coli (Escherichia coli) was decreased (P 0.05 or P 0.01), and the balance of cecum microorganisms was maintained, but there was no significant effect on the total bacteria in each stage (P 0.05). The effect of 1.6% addition level in stage I is better than that in stage II with 0.8% addition level. 3. Dietary glutamine could regulate the expression of related genes in muscle cells of young Rex rabbits and up-regulate the expression of insulin growth factor IGF-I,IGF-II and fatty acid synthase gene FASNmRNA (P 0.05 or P 0.01). The expression of MSTN mRNA was significantly decreased and the expression of MSTN mRNA was significantly decreased (P01), which promoted the development of skeletal muscle in young Rex rabbits, and the density of muscle fibers increased gradually with the increase of dietary glutamine supplementation level. At the same time, the diameter of muscle fiber and the ratio of sarcoplasmic plasma fluctuated and decreased. To sum up: dietary glutamine can improve the immunity of young Rex rabbits and enhance the immunity of ileum mucosa. For cecum content flora, glutamine can effectively reduce the number of harmful bacteria, increase the number of beneficial bacteria, enhance the digestive tract performance of young Rex rabbits, and thus benefit the young rabbits to maintain health under stress conditions. At the same time, glutamine can regulate the expression of intracellular related genes, promote muscle development and improve muscle fiber characteristics. The results of comprehensive health analysis showed that the optimum amount of glutamine in the diet of young Rex rabbits was 1.6% in the first month after weanling and 0.8% in the second month after weanling.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S829.1
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