【摘要】：為了研究青藏高原不同季節(jié)牧場牦牛的牧食行為規(guī)律,選取6頭年齡、體況大致相同的成年牦牛作為研究對象,在2014年4月份和8月份分別在冬季牧場和夏季牧場上,運用GPS3300定位追蹤系統(tǒng),對自由放牧條件下牦牛的牧食行為進行了研究。結果表明:冬季牧場早上初牧9∶00、10∶00和下午歸牧前17∶00、18∶00外界氣溫處于牦牛等溫區(qū)內,有利于牦牛進行采食活動,而夏季牧場日平均氣溫的變化均高出牦�；顒拥牡葴貐^(qū)(8~14℃),對其采食活動具有影響;夏季牧場上牦牛采食的空間分布由中心向四周輻射且個體間相對分散,冬季牧場上采食分布相對集中,夏季牧場上牦牛游走距離(0.29~0.80km/h)整體大于冬季牧場(0.07~0.14km/h),并且在11∶00和17∶00分別出現(xiàn)峰值,在12∶00游走距離最短;在監(jiān)測期內(9∶00~18∶00),夏季牧場上牦牛各主要放牧行為的總體時間分配順序依次是采食(504.90min)行走(75.45min)休息(55.10min),并且差異性顯著(P0.05);冬季牧場牦牛的休息時間(355.80min)顯著大于采食時間(243.10min)(P0.05)。研究結果顯示,初牧和歸牧前是牦牛放牧采食的劇烈活動時間,另外在夏季的中午13∶00左右也會出現(xiàn)一個采食高峰;牦牛的牧食行為符合晨昏活動格局,總體上表現(xiàn)出采食-休息(反芻)-采食的活動規(guī)律。
[Abstract]:In order to study the grazing behavior of yaks in different seasons of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, 6 adult yaks of the same age and the same body condition were selected as the subjects of the study, and in April and August 2014, respectively, they were on winter pastures and summer pastures. The grazing behavior of yaks under free grazing was studied by GPS3300 positioning and tracking system. The results showed that the external temperature was in the yak isotherm area at 9: 00 in the morning, 10: 00 in the morning and 17: 00 before returning to grazing in the afternoon, which was beneficial to the feeding activities of yaks. However, the variation of daily mean temperature in summer pastures was higher than that in the isotherm area of yak activity (8 脳 14 鈩，

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