【摘要】：奶牛酮病是圍產(chǎn)期常發(fā)的一種營養(yǎng)代謝病，可嚴(yán)重地影響奶牛健康及牛場的經(jīng)濟效益，并制約奶牛業(yè)的發(fā)展。鑒于酮病對奶牛的嚴(yán)重危害，為奶牛酮病提供有效的防治措施是十分重要的。因此，本研究在黑龍江省兩個集約化牛場開展了奶牛酮病的流行病學(xué)調(diào)查，觀測了不同劑量丙二醇對奶牛酮病的預(yù)防效果，為今后奶牛酮病的預(yù)防提供了科學(xué)依據(jù)。 試驗一、奶牛酮病的發(fā)病率調(diào)查。在黑龍江省兩個集約化高產(chǎn)牛場（A和B）隨機選擇產(chǎn)后14-21d的年齡、體況和胎次相近的試驗?zāi)膛�，A場在2012、2013和2014年分別為45頭、31頭和45頭；B場在2013和2014年分別為30頭和30頭。根據(jù)試驗?zāi)膛Ｑ獫{β-羥丁酸（BHBA）濃度，將試驗?zāi)膛７譃橥〗M及健康對照組，跟蹤調(diào)查了奶牛酮病的發(fā)病情況、泌乳性能和繁殖性能，并檢測了兩組奶牛的NEFA、GLU和AST等指標(biāo)。結(jié)果顯示：酮病發(fā)病率，A牧場三年依次為46.67%、16.13%和20.00%；B牧場兩年依次為40.00%和23.33%�；纪∧膛Ｑ獫{中AST活性極顯著地升高（P0.01），與酮病的發(fā)生呈極顯著的正相關(guān)（R=0.432,P=0.006）；Ca、P的含量顯著地降低（P0.05），與酮病的發(fā)生呈顯著的負(fù)相關(guān)（R=-0.603,P=0.024; R=-0.592, P=0.049）；產(chǎn)后60-90d酮病組奶牛泌乳量顯著低于健康組（P0.05）；患酮病奶牛首次發(fā)情天數(shù)、輸精次數(shù)和配種天數(shù)及產(chǎn)犢間隔顯著地增加（P0.05），并與血漿BHBA含量呈現(xiàn)顯著正相關(guān)（R=0.338, P=0.029; R=0.306, P=0.049; R=0.423, P=0.011;R=0.360, P=0.021）。奶牛酮病與蹄葉炎具有顯著的相關(guān)性。與健康奶牛相比，患酮病奶牛平均每頭在產(chǎn)后14-21d之間每天產(chǎn)奶凈損失4.59元。 試驗二、丙二醇對奶牛酮病的預(yù)防效果。在黑龍江省某集約化奶牛場隨機選取分娩當(dāng)天年齡、體況和胎次相近的試驗?zāi)膛?5頭，分為試驗組（I和II）和對照組（C），每組15頭。試驗I組分娩后灌服500ml丙二醇，II組分娩后灌服300ml丙二醇，時間在產(chǎn)后0、1和2天，每天灌服一次，對照組不灌服。結(jié)果顯示：灌服丙二醇后13天，試驗組奶牛血漿中BHBA含量極顯著降低；灌服8天后，GLU含量顯著升高，NEFA、AST含量顯著降低。試驗組與對照組相比，酮病發(fā)病率顯著降低，奶牛輸精次數(shù)、初配天數(shù)及配種天數(shù)奶顯著地減少（P0.05）。試驗I組和試驗II組相比，奶牛酮病的發(fā)病率顯著降低。通過決策樹分析三組的經(jīng)濟效益，在本試驗條件下，產(chǎn)后90天內(nèi)灌服500mL丙二醇相對于不灌注獲得的更大的凈利潤，差值達(dá)到5.31元/天/頭。 結(jié)論：高產(chǎn)奶牛酮病的發(fā)病率高，患病奶牛肝功酶活性異常，泌乳性能和繁殖性能均降低，給牛場帶來嚴(yán)重的經(jīng)濟損失。灌服丙二醇會使奶牛酮病發(fā)病率明顯地降低，并改善奶牛的繁殖性能。在本試驗條件下，，灌服500mL丙二醇會使奶牛獲得更大的凈利潤。
[Abstract]:Ketosis is a common nutritional metabolic disease in perinatal period, which can seriously affect the health of dairy cows and the economic benefits of cattle farms, and restrict the development of dairy industry. In view of the serious harm of ketosis to dairy cows, it is very important to provide effective control measures for ketosis in dairy cows. Therefore, the epidemiological investigation of ketosis in dairy cattle was carried out in two intensive cattle farms in Heilongjiang Province, and the preventive effects of different doses of propanediol on ketosis in dairy cattle were observed, which provided a scientific basis for the prevention of ketosis in dairy cattle in the future. In experiment 1, the incidence of ketosis in dairy cattle was investigated. In two intensive high yield cattle farms in Heilongjiang Province (A and B), 45 cows, 31 cows and 45 cows with similar postpartum age, body condition and parity were randomly selected in 2012, 2013 and 2014, respectively. The B field was 30 heads in 2013 and 30 heads in 2014. According to the concentration of 尾-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA) in plasma of experimental cows, the cows were divided into ketosis group and healthy control group. The incidence, lactation performance and reproductive performance of ketosis in dairy cows were investigated, and the NEFA, of dairy cows in the two groups was detected. GLU and AST. The results showed that the incidence of ketosis in A ranch was 46.67% in three years, 16.13% in 16.13% and 20.00% in B ranch in two years, which was 40.00% and 23.33% respectively. The activity of AST in plasma of ketosis cows was significantly increased (P 0.01), which was positively correlated with the occurrence of ketosis (R 鈮

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