【摘要】：針對(duì)藏東南山區(qū)過(guò)度放牧和植被破壞的問(wèn)題,以芒康地區(qū)人工草地為研究對(duì)象,依據(jù)當(dāng)?shù)氐乃疅釛l件,從2014年4月到2015年9月選用4種牧草進(jìn)行兩兩混播和單播的試驗(yàn),研究一年多來(lái)牧草的產(chǎn)量變化、生物量的分配以及不同牧草之間的混播效果.結(jié)果表明:1)在生物量上,單播的垂穗披堿草和老芒麥總生物量最大,分別為(228.80±26.61)和(225.47±62.85)g/m~2;混播組合中,紫花苜蓿+老芒麥的總生物量最大,為(217.47±54.48)g/m~2.2)10種牧草組合的人工草地地下生物量在垂直方面上均呈倒金字塔特征,即上層根系生物量較大,越往下層生物量越少,0~15 cm的生物量占地下總生物量的比例介于63.21%~88.17%,其中燕麥+垂穗披堿草組合的人工草地在0~15 cm的生物量所占的比重最大,為88.17%.3)10種牧草組合的人工草地的地上生物量與地下生物量呈高度線性相關(guān)(R=0.83,P0.05).4)從根冠比上看,在單播草地中,根冠比從大到小依次為紫花苜蓿、老芒麥、燕麥和垂穗披堿草,根冠比差異不明顯;在混播草地中,垂穗披堿草+老芒麥、燕麥+紫花苜蓿以及紫花苜蓿+老芒麥組合的草地根冠比較大,介于2.40~2.60,其中紫花苜蓿+垂穗披堿草根冠比最小,僅為0.82,顯著低于除燕麥+老芒麥以外的其他混播組合草地.
[Abstract]:In view of the problem of overgrazing and vegetation destruction in the mountainous area of southeast Tibet, the artificial grassland in Mangkang area was taken as the object of study. According to the local hydrothermal conditions, four kinds of forage were selected from April 2014 to September 2015 for the experiment of mixing and monoculture of four herbage species. The yield change, biomass distribution and mixed sowing effect of different herbage in the past year were studied. The results showed that: 1) in biomass, the total biomass of Elymus sachyptoides (228.80 鹵26.61) and Elymus aestivum (225.47 鹵62.85) g / m ~ (2) was the highest. In the mixed planting combination, the total biomass of Medicago sativa old mango was the largest, which was (217.47 鹵54.48) g/m~2.2. The underground biomass of 10 forage combinations showed the characteristics of inverted pyramid vertically. That is to say, the biomass of the upper root system is larger, and the lower the biomass is, the lower the biomass is. The biomass of 0 / 15 cm is 63.21% ~ 88.17% of the total underground biomass. The proportion of artificial grassland in 0 ~ 15 cm was the largest (88.17%) the aboveground biomass and underground biomass were highly linearly correlated with the above-ground biomass of 10 kinds of herbage combinations (R = 0.83, 0.83, P < 0.01, P < 0.01). (P0.05). 4) from the root-to-crown ratio, the root-shoot ratio was alfalfa, old mango, oat and Elymus sachyptoides, and the root-shoot ratio was not significantly different from large to small in unicast grassland. In the mixed sowing grassland, the root cap of the combination of Elymus sachyptoides, Alfalfa sativa and Medicago sativa was larger, ranging from 2.40 to 2.60, and the ratio of root to crown of Elymus sachyptoides was the lowest, which was only 0.82, and the root-crown ratio of Alfalfa was 0.82, and the root-crown ratio of Alfalfa was only 0.82. It was significantly lower than that of other mixed-sowing grasslands other than the old oats.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)科學(xué)院成都山地災(zāi)害與環(huán)境研究所;中國(guó)科學(xué)院大學(xué);中國(guó)電建貴陽(yáng)勘測(cè)設(shè)計(jì)研究院有限公司;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(41571205) 華能集團(tuán)總部科技項(xiàng)目(HNKJ14-H17)
【分類號(hào)】：S812

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