【摘要】：試驗(yàn)選用36頭發(fā)育正常、體重45.09±0.90kg的15日齡哺乳犢牛,隨機(jī)分為4組,每組9頭,測(cè)定日糧添加異戊酸對(duì)犢牛小腸生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、小腸消化酶活性變化及其小腸功能基因表達(dá)的影響。所有犢牛在45日齡斷奶,對(duì)照組飼喂基礎(chǔ)日糧,試驗(yàn)組分別在基礎(chǔ)日糧基礎(chǔ)上添加異戊酸3、6和9g/d。分別于30日齡、60日齡、90日齡從各組隨機(jī)抽取3頭,晨飼前稱重后進(jìn)行屠宰采樣。采集小腸4個(gè)不同部位(十二指腸、空腸近端1/4處、空腸遠(yuǎn)端1/4處和回腸末端)的腸一份用于小腸消化酶的測(cè)定;小腸黏膜組織樣品2份,一份用于形態(tài)學(xué)觀察及掃描電鏡觀察,另一份通過(guò)實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量技術(shù)檢測(cè)生長(zhǎng)激素受體(GHR)、胰島素受體(INSR)、胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子-1(IGF-1)、寡肽共轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體1(PepT1)及鈉-葡萄糖共轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體1 (SGLT1)在小腸黏膜不同部位的基因表達(dá)。結(jié)果表明： (1)60和90日齡犢牛,6g/d、9g/d異戊酸添加組犢牛的十二指腸、空腸、回腸和小腸總長(zhǎng)度都顯著增加；(2)各日齡犢牛,6g/d和9g/d異戊酸添加組犢牛的空腸近端和空腸遠(yuǎn)端的腸壁厚度、腸黏膜厚度、腸絨毛長(zhǎng)度都顯著增加,絨毛長(zhǎng)度/隱窩深度的比值(VH/CH)有增加的趨勢(shì); (3)各日齡犢牛,6g/d和9g/d異戊酸添加組犢牛的空腸近端、空腸遠(yuǎn)端和回腸乳糖酶、淀粉酶、蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性都顯著增加,而且異戊酸對(duì)于十二指腸各種消化酶活性也都呈現(xiàn)促進(jìn)作用； (4)30日齡犢牛,6g/d、9g/d異戊酸添加組犢牛的十二指腸、空腸近端、空腸遠(yuǎn)端及回腸黏膜的生長(zhǎng)激素受體mRNA (GHR mRNA)、胰島素受體mRNA(INSR mRNA)、胰島素樣生長(zhǎng)因子-1 mRNA (IGF-1 mRNA)和鈉-葡萄糖共轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體1 mRNA (SGLT1 mRNA)的表達(dá)量都顯著增加；而60日齡犢牛,GHR mRNA、INSR mRNA、IGF-1 mRNA、SGLT1 mRNA以及寡肽共轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)載體1 mRNA (Pep T1 mRNA)的表達(dá)量在空腸近端和空腸遠(yuǎn)端都顯著增加,此外,異戊酸對(duì)于GHR mRNA、INSR mRNA、IGF-1 mRNA、SGLT1 mRNA和Pep T1 mRNA在十二指腸和回腸的表達(dá)都表現(xiàn)有顯著促進(jìn)作用。綜上,可做推斷,日糧添加異戌酸對(duì)犢牛小腸的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育、小腸消化酶活性及小腸功能基因的表達(dá)都具有顯著促進(jìn)作用,且最適添加量為6g/d。
[Abstract]:Thirty-six 15-day-old lactating calves with normal development and weighing 45.09 鹵0.90kg were randomly divided into 4 groups, 9 in each group. The effects of isovalproic acid on the growth and development of small intestine in calves were measured. Changes of digestive enzyme activity in small intestine and its effect on gene expression of intestinal function. All calves were weaned at the age of 45 days. The control group was fed with basal diet and the experimental group was fed with isovalproic acid 3, 6 and 9 g / d on the basis of basal diet, respectively. At the age of 30 days, 60 days and 90 days, 3 heads were randomly sampled from each group, and then slaughtered and sampled before morning feeding. One piece of intestine from 4 different parts of small intestine (duodenum, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum and ileum) was collected and used for the determination of digestive enzymes in small intestine. Two small intestinal mucosa tissue samples, one for morphological observation and scanning electron microscope observation, and the other for detecting growth hormone receptor (GHR), insulin receptor (INSR), by real-time fluorescence quantitative technique. Gene expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), oligopeptide co-transport vector 1 (PepT1) and sodium-glucose co-transport vector 1 (SGLT1) in small intestinal mucosa. The results showed that: (1) the total length of duodenum, jejunum, ileum and small intestine of 60-and 90-day-old calves, 6 g / d, 9 g / d isopentanoic acid-supplemented calves were significantly increased; (2) the thickness of proximal jejunum and distal jejunum, the thickness of intestinal mucosa and the length of intestinal villus of calves fed with 6g/d and 9g/d isovalerate were significantly increased. The ratio of villus length to recess depth (VH/CH) increased. (3) the activities of lactase, amylase, protease and lipase in the proximal jejunum, distal jejunum and ileum of calves fed with 6g/d and 9g/d isovalerate were significantly increased. Isovalerate also promoted the activities of digestive enzymes in duodenum. (4) growth hormone receptor mRNA (GHR mRNA), insulin receptor mRNA (INSR mRNA), in duodenum, proximal jejunum, distal jejunum and ileum mucosa of 30-day-old calves, 6 g / d, 9 g / kg isopentanoic acid group. The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 mRNA (IGF-1 mRNA) and sodium-glucose co-transport vector 1 mRNA (SGLT1 mRNA) were significantly increased. However, the expression of GHR mRNA,INSR mRNA,IGF-1 mRNA,SGLT1 mRNA and 1 mRNA (Pep T1 mRNA in 60 day old calves increased significantly both in proximal jejunum and distal jejunum. In addition, isopentanoic acid could significantly increase the expression level of GHR mRNA,INSR mRNA,IGF-1 mRNA, in the proximal jejunum and distal jejunum. The expression of SGLT1 mRNA and Pep T1 mRNA in duodenum and ileum were significantly enhanced. In conclusion, it can be inferred that diet supplemented with isovalproic acid can significantly promote the growth and development of the small intestine, the activity of digestive enzymes and the expression of small intestinal function genes in calves, and the optimum dosage is 6 g / d.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S823.5

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