【摘要】：本試驗旨在研究微生物固態(tài)發(fā)酵與微波降解分步復(fù)合法脫除棉籽粕中游離棉酚的加工技術(shù)。以棉籽浸出制油后的棉籽粕為原料,通過不同的菌種、接種量、料液比、發(fā)酵溫度、發(fā)酵時間等影響因素進(jìn)行試驗分析,以棉籽粕的脫毒率為評判標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。首先通過確定正交試驗的因素與水平,得出微生物固態(tài)發(fā)酵的最佳脫毒工藝參數(shù);再以發(fā)酵后的濕棉籽粕為原料,采用微波降解工藝進(jìn)行第二次物理輔助脫毒,確定最佳微波工藝參數(shù);測定脫毒前后的棉籽粕粗蛋白含量和小肽含量。結(jié)果表明:混菌發(fā)酵比2∶1(枯草芽孢桿菌與酵母菌)、接種量10%、料液比2∶3、發(fā)酵時間48 h、發(fā)酵溫度30℃,脫毒效果最佳,此時脫毒率高達(dá)86.57%;當(dāng)微波時間和功率分別為6 min和3 000 W時,最終棉籽粕脫毒可達(dá)90.57%。測定脫毒后的棉籽粕粗蛋白含量為52.17%,提高了25.29%;小肽含量為11.13%,提高了20.19%。所得產(chǎn)品色澤均一,呈黑褐色,無酸臭味。微波過程可脫出一部分水分,有效節(jié)約了棉籽粕的烘干成本和烘干時間。此方法工藝簡單、安全可靠、流程短、脫毒率高、水耗和能耗低,為棉籽粕的合理開發(fā)和利用提供理論基礎(chǔ)和試驗數(shù)據(jù)。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study was to study the process technology of removing free gossypol from cottonseed meal by microbial solid state fermentation and microwave degradation. The cottonseed meal extracted from cottonseed was used as raw material, and the influencing factors such as different bacteria, inoculum quantity, material-liquid ratio, fermentation temperature, fermentation time and so on were tested and analyzed, and the virus-free rate of cottonseed meal was used as the evaluation standard. Firstly, by determining the factors and levels of orthogonal experiment, the optimum technological parameters of solid-state fermentation of microorganism were obtained. The second physical assisted detoxification of wet cottonseed meal after fermentation was carried out by microwave degradation to determine the optimum microwave technological parameters, and the crude protein content and small peptide content of cottonseed meal before and after detoxification were determined. The results showed that: the mixed fermentation ratio was 2:1 (Bacillus subtilis and yeast), the inoculum amount was 10%, the ratio of material to liquid was 2 / 3, the fermentation time was 48 h, the fermentation temperature was 30 鈩，

本文編號：2451545