【摘要】：吉林省是中國(guó)肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展最快的省份之一,肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)是吉林省發(fā)展最快的畜牧產(chǎn)業(yè)。隨著中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長(zhǎng)和居民收入水平的提高,日漸增強(qiáng)人均消費(fèi)能力必定帶動(dòng)肉牛消費(fèi)需求的增長(zhǎng)。受金融危機(jī)和飼料價(jià)格上漲等因素影響,2010年后吉林省基礎(chǔ)母牛存欄量下降和出欄量增長(zhǎng)緩慢的形勢(shì)直接制約了吉林省肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展。提高繁殖母牛的數(shù)量和質(zhì)量是吉林省肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)穩(wěn)定發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。為相關(guān)科研人員、技術(shù)人員和養(yǎng)殖者快速并準(zhǔn)確地了解吉林省主要品種種母牛繁殖和體尺的現(xiàn)狀;并為種母牛進(jìn)行性狀選育提供數(shù)據(jù)參考,本試驗(yàn)調(diào)查研究了吉林省德系西門塔爾牛、延邊黃牛和中國(guó)草原紅牛種母牛的繁殖性狀和體尺性狀。主要包括以下三個(gè)部分:第一部分:采用統(tǒng)計(jì)局相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)和文獻(xiàn)查閱等方法對(duì)2010~2014年肉牛數(shù)量、牛肉產(chǎn)量、牛肉消費(fèi)量和育種情況等世界、國(guó)內(nèi)和吉林省內(nèi)肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)的現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析,分析結(jié)果表明:2011~2014年,世界牛肉總產(chǎn)量和牛肉總消費(fèi)量顯示為上升趨勢(shì),肉牛進(jìn)口數(shù)量和肉牛出口數(shù)量表現(xiàn)出波動(dòng)性。2008~2013年,國(guó)內(nèi)呈現(xiàn)出肉牛出欄量增速緩慢,牛肉消費(fèi)量逐年增高,出口量同比減少,進(jìn)口量逐年增多的形勢(shì)。吉林省作為國(guó)內(nèi)肉牛主產(chǎn)區(qū)之一,2009年至2013年肉牛存欄量、肉牛出欄量和牛肉產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)十分緩慢。繁殖性狀和生長(zhǎng)性狀的育種工作是提高肉牛數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的基礎(chǔ),在各國(guó)肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展中起著重要作用。第二部分:采取現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查和訪談?wù){(diào)查三個(gè)方法對(duì)吉林省西門塔爾牛、延邊黃牛、中國(guó)草原紅牛種母牛場(chǎng)共2,609頭種母牛的繁殖性狀和體尺性狀進(jìn)行調(diào)查分析。調(diào)查結(jié)果表明:西門塔爾牛在發(fā)育后期平均日增重上可以進(jìn)行選育提高;延邊黃牛在發(fā)育前期平均日增重、體高和體斜長(zhǎng)上可以進(jìn)行選育提高;中國(guó)草原紅牛在繁殖周期、受配率和體尺相對(duì)發(fā)育程度上可以進(jìn)行選育提高。第三部分:針對(duì)研究結(jié)果,對(duì)吉林省繁殖母牛的發(fā)展提出建議:加強(qiáng)品種推廣和改良;加強(qiáng)種母牛繁殖性狀和體尺性狀的選育;提高繁殖母牛及犢牛的飼養(yǎng)水平;政府繼續(xù)加以扶持繁殖母牛;社會(huì)多單位合作促使肉牛產(chǎn)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化。
[Abstract]:Jilin Province is one of the fastest developing provinces of beef cattle industry in China, and beef cattle industry is the fastest growing livestock industry in Jilin Province. With the growth of China's economy and the improvement of the level of residents' income, the increasing consumption capacity per capita is bound to drive the growth of beef cattle consumption demand. Under the influence of the financial crisis and the increase of feed price, the situation that the stock of basic cows in Jilin Province decreased and the output of cattle increased slowly after 2010 directly restricted the development of beef cattle industry in Jilin Province. Improving the quantity and quality of breeding cows is the basis of stable development of beef cattle industry in Jilin Province. For relevant researchers, technicians and breeders to quickly and accurately understand the status of breeding and body size of the main products of cows in Jilin Province; In this experiment, the reproductive and body size traits of Simmental cattle, Yanbian yellow cattle and Chinese steppe red cattle in Jilin Province were investigated and studied. The results were as follows: (1) the results of this experiment were as follows: 1. It mainly includes the following three parts: the first part: using the methods of statistics and literature review of the 2010 / 2014 beef cattle population, beef yield, beef consumption and breeding situation in the world, The present situation of beef cattle industry in China and Jilin Province was analyzed. The results showed that the world total beef production and total beef consumption showed an upward trend from 2011 to 2014, and the import quantity of beef cattle and the quantity of beef cattle export showed volatility. There is a slow growth rate of beef cattle in China, beef consumption is increasing year by year, export volume is reduced, import volume is increasing year by year. Jilin Province is one of the main beef cattle producing areas in China. From 2009 to 2013, the number of beef cattle stored, the number of beef cattle and beef output increased slowly. Breeding of reproductive traits and growth traits is the basis for improving the quantity and quality of beef cattle and plays an important role in the development of beef cattle industry in various countries. In the second part, the reproductive and body size traits of 2609 cows of Simmental cattle, Yanbian yellow cattle and Chinese grassland red cattle farm in Jilin Province were investigated and analyzed by field investigation, questionnaire investigation and interview survey. The results showed that the average daily gain of Simmental cattle could be improved at the later stage of development, and the average daily gain of Yanbian yellow cattle could be improved in the early stage of development, body height and body oblique length. The breeding of Chinese grassland red cattle can be improved in breeding cycle, mating rate and relative development degree of body size. The third part: according to the research results, some suggestions are put forward for the development of breeding cows in Jilin Province: strengthening the popularization and improvement of varieties; strengthening the breeding of breeding traits and body size traits of breeding cows; improving the feeding level of breeding cows and calves, and improving the breeding level of breeding cows and calves. The government continued to support the breeding of cows; multi-unit social cooperation to promote the modernization of beef cattle industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S823

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