【摘要】：太平雞作為甘肅地方雞品種,其優(yōu)良的種質(zhì)特性和利用價(jià)值尚未得到充分挖掘,遺傳資源也受到外來(lái)雞種威脅。為了從母系遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)、肉品質(zhì)、優(yōu)良性狀的遺傳基礎(chǔ)等方面系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)太平雞的品種特性和開(kāi)發(fā)潛力,選取太平雞和雜交選育雞種(白羽肉雞)為研究對(duì)象。以mt DNA D-Loop高變區(qū)作為分子遺傳標(biāo)記,通過(guò)系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析,闡明太平雞作為地方雞種的母系遺傳背景,為遺傳資源保護(hù)和開(kāi)發(fā)提供理論依據(jù);利用氣相色譜分析脂肪酸組成特征,揭示太平雞肌肉對(duì)人體健康和疾病預(yù)防的優(yōu)良特性;利用FQ-PCR技術(shù)檢測(cè)與肉品質(zhì)相關(guān)基因CAPN1、CAST和H-FABP在兩品種間表達(dá)量差異,揭示太平雞肉用性能的開(kāi)發(fā)利用潛力。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.遺傳多樣性及系統(tǒng)發(fā)育太平雞單倍型多樣度(Hd)、核苷酸多樣度(Pi)及平均核苷酸差異數(shù)(K)分別為0.539、0.00389和2.001,均高于高強(qiáng)度選育的白羽肉雞,但由于小群體擴(kuò)繁而低于國(guó)內(nèi)其他地方雞種。系統(tǒng)發(fā)育分析表明,太平雞屬于我國(guó)西南地區(qū)馴化的地方雞種,與選育雞種有共享的母系遺傳進(jìn)化枝。2.脂肪酸組成特征太平雞胸肌、腿肌中的SFA含量(36.94%、34.21%)均顯著低于白羽肉雞(40.59%、37.16%)(P0.05);PUFA含量(31.58%、32.12%)均顯著高于白羽肉雞(27.73%、29.84%)(P0.05);PUFA/SFA值(0.85、0.94)較白羽肉雞(0.68、0.80)更高于推薦值(0.4);太平雞的n-6/n-3值(9.08、9.66)較白羽肉雞(8.04、8.46)更接近西方國(guó)家要求的15/1~16.7/1這一范圍;EFA含量(28.59%、29.43%)均顯著高于白羽肉雞(24.88%、27.13%)(P0.05),其中亞油酸含量(23.91%、24.61%)也均顯著高于白羽肉雞(20.00%、21.94%)(P0.05)。而太平雞胸肌、腿肌中的棕櫚酸(22.30%、21.32%)、硬脂酸(12.68%、11.18%)以及肉豆蔻酸(0.54%、0.63%)分別顯著低于白羽肉雞(23.49%、22.46%,14.41%、13.15%和0.77%、0.88%)(P0.05)。其他如花生四烯酸、EPA和DHA在兩品種間無(wú)顯著差異(P0.05)。以上特征表明,太平雞肌肉組織中有益脂肪酸組成及營(yíng)養(yǎng)指標(biāo)均優(yōu)于白羽肉雞。3.肉質(zhì)性狀相關(guān)基因表達(dá)特征肉質(zhì)性狀相關(guān)CAPN1、CAST和H-FABP基因在肌肉組織中均表現(xiàn)出高表達(dá)特征。其中CAPN1基因在太平母雞腿肌中的表達(dá)量顯著高于白羽母雞(P0.05),公雞中差異不顯著(P0.05),而CAST基因在太平公母雞的胸腿肌中均顯著低于白羽公母雞(P0.05);H-FABP基因在太平公母雞的腿肌中均顯著高于白羽公母雞(P0.05)。從CAPN1、CAST基因表達(dá)量對(duì)肌肉嫩度的影響以及H-FABP基因?qū)MF含量的影響來(lái)說(shuō),太平雞相對(duì)于白羽肉雞具有生產(chǎn)優(yōu)質(zhì)肌肉的遺傳基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:Taiping chicken, as a local chicken breed in Gansu Province, has not been fully exploited for its excellent germplasm characteristics and utilization value, and its genetic resources are also threatened by foreign chicken breeds. In order to systematically evaluate the breed characteristics and development potential of Taiping chicken from the aspects of maternal genetic structure, meat quality and genetic basis of excellent traits, Taiping chicken and crossbred chicken breed (white feather broiler) were selected as the research object. Mt DNA D-Loop hypervariable region was used as molecular genetic marker and phylogenetic analysis was carried out to clarify the maternal genetic background of Taiping chicken as a local chicken breed in order to provide a theoretical basis for the conservation and development of genetic resources. The characteristics of fatty acid composition were analyzed by gas chromatography to reveal the excellent characteristics of Taiping chicken muscle for human health and disease prevention. FQ-PCR technique was used to detect the difference of expression of meat quality-related genes CAPN1,CAST and H-FABP between the two breeds, which revealed the potential for the development and utilization of Taiping chicken performance. The main findings are as follows: 1. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic Taiping chicken haplotype diversity, (Hd), nucleotide diversity (Pi) and average nucleotide diversity (K) were 0.539, 0.00389 and 2.001, respectively, which were higher than those of high strength white feather broilers. However, it was lower than other local chicken breeds in China because of the spread of small population. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Taiping chicken belongs to the native chicken breeds domesticated in southwest China and has the same genetic and evolutionary branches of maternal line with the selected chicken breeds. The content of SFA in pectoral muscle and leg muscle of Taiping chicken was significantly lower than that of white feather broiler (36.94% 34.21% vs 40.59% 37.16%) (P0.05). The content of PUFA (31.58%, 32.12%) was significantly higher than that of white broilers (27.73%, 29.84%) (P0.05), and the content of PUFA/ (0.85, 0.94) was higher than that of white broilers (0.68, 0.80), which was higher than that of white broilers (0.68, 0.80). Compared with white broiler (8.04, 8.46), Taiping chicken (9.08, 9.66) was closer to the range of 15 ~ (1) / 16.7 ~ (- 1) than that of white broiler (8.04, 8.46). The content of EFA (28.59%, 29.43%) was significantly higher than that of white broilers (24.88%, 27.13%) (P0.05), and the content of linoleic acid (23.91%, 24.61%) was also significantly higher than that of white broilers (20.00%). 21.94% (P0.05). However, palmitic acid (22.30%, 21.32%), stearic acid (12.68%, 11.18%) and myristic acid (0.54%, 0.63%) were significantly lower in Taiping chickens than those in white feather chickens (23.49%, 21.32%). 22.46%, 14.41%, 13.15% and 0.77%, 0.88% (P0.05). Others, such as arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA, had no significant difference between the two varieties (P0.05). The above characteristics indicated that the beneficial fatty acid composition and nutritional index in muscle tissue of Taiping chicken were better than those of white feather broiler. 3. Expression of genes related to meat quality traits; CAPN1,CAST and H-FABP genes related to meat quality traits were highly expressed in muscle tissue. The expression of CAPN1 gene in leg muscle of Taiping hen was significantly higher than that of white hen (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in male cock (P0.05), while the expression of CAST gene in breast leg muscle of Taiping hen was significantly lower than that of white hen (P0.05). The expression of H-FABP gene in the leg muscle of Taiping male hen was significantly higher than that of white feather male hen (P0.05). According to the effect of CAPN1,CAST gene expression on muscle tenderness and H-FABP gene on IMF content, Taiping chicken has the genetic basis of producing high quality muscle compared with white feather broiler.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：甘肅農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S831

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