一批烏拉圭進(jìn)口奶牛的境外預(yù)檢及分析
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-23 15:00
【摘要】：隨著世界經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展,國(guó)際貿(mào)易往來(lái)日益頻繁,為動(dòng)物疫病的廣泛傳播和流行提供了客觀條件。我國(guó)正在構(gòu)建一個(gè)立足我國(guó)國(guó)情、遵循國(guó)際規(guī)則,以風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管理為基礎(chǔ),以檢疫技術(shù)為支撐的進(jìn)口動(dòng)物檢疫管理體系。進(jìn)口動(dòng)物境外預(yù)檢工作作為進(jìn)口動(dòng)物檢疫管理體系的一部分,為保護(hù)我國(guó)畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)安全、改良牲畜品種、提高生產(chǎn)性能、保護(hù)人民生命健康、促進(jìn)外貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展等意義重大。論文以赴烏拉圭執(zhí)行進(jìn)口奶牛境外預(yù)檢為研究?jī)?nèi)容,通過(guò)全程參與進(jìn)口奶牛境外預(yù)檢過(guò)程,熟悉了進(jìn)口奶牛境外預(yù)檢程序,掌握了境外預(yù)檢方法和技術(shù),并對(duì)整個(gè)境外預(yù)檢過(guò)程中需要重點(diǎn)關(guān)注和值得學(xué)習(xí)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)進(jìn)行了剖析。(1)農(nóng)場(chǎng)檢疫。該批進(jìn)口奶牛來(lái)自烏拉圭13個(gè)省305個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng),初選奶牛共13 162頭。采血過(guò)程中臨床檢查淘汰160頭,其余13 002頭采集血樣,送往烏拉圭國(guó)家獸醫(yī)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(DILAVE)進(jìn)行規(guī)定疫病(牛白血病EBL、牛病毒性腹瀉BVD、副結(jié)核病PT、布魯氏菌病Brucellosis和口蹄疫FMD)的實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢疫,結(jié)核病(Tuberculosis)是在農(nóng)場(chǎng)采血時(shí)進(jìn)行牛尾根部牛型結(jié)核菌素(PPD)皮內(nèi)試驗(yàn)。結(jié)果共檢出陽(yáng)性牛2 459頭,陽(yáng)性率18.91%,其中EBL、BVD和PT陽(yáng)性檢出率分別為18.28%(2 373/13 002)、0.54%(57/10 629)和0.27(29/10 572),陽(yáng)性牛全部淘汰;布魯氏菌病、結(jié)核病和口蹄疫均為陰性。農(nóng)場(chǎng)檢疫合格牛為10 543頭,淘汰率為19.90%(2 619/13 162)。(2)隔離檢疫。進(jìn)入隔離場(chǎng)前臨床檢查淘汰326頭,其余10 217頭牛進(jìn)入烏拉圭畜牧業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)和漁業(yè)部(MGAP)批準(zhǔn)的出口活牛隔離場(chǎng)Rubadel SA進(jìn)行隔離檢疫,采血過(guò)程中臨床檢查淘汰20頭,其余10 197采集血樣,送DILAVE實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行EBL、BVD和FMD檢疫。結(jié)果共檢出陽(yáng)性牛227頭,陽(yáng)性率2.23%,其中EBL和BVD陽(yáng)性檢出率分別為2.18%(222/10 197)和0.05%(5/9 975),陽(yáng)性牛全部淘汰;FMD為陰性;陽(yáng)性牛剔除過(guò)程中經(jīng)臨床檢查淘汰305頭。隔離檢疫合格牛為9 665頭,淘汰率為8.33%(878/10 543)。按照議定書(shū)要求,在剛進(jìn)入隔離場(chǎng)時(shí)用MGAP批準(zhǔn)的藥物進(jìn)行鉤端螺旋體病治療和體內(nèi)外寄生蟲(chóng)驅(qū)除;在采血時(shí)對(duì)隔離奶牛注射MGAP批準(zhǔn)的口蹄疫(A和O型)、傳染性鼻氣管炎(IBR)、炭疽(Anthrax)3種疫苗。在隔離檢疫過(guò)程中,將240頭“哨兵動(dòng)物”牛按比例分布在各隔離檢疫欄舍混養(yǎng),裝運(yùn)前7 d內(nèi)對(duì)“哨兵動(dòng)物”采血進(jìn)行口蹄疫液相阻斷ELISA診斷和臨床檢查,實(shí)驗(yàn)室檢疫結(jié)果全部為陰性,且無(wú)癥狀臨床,符合議定書(shū)要求。(3)監(jiān)督裝運(yùn)。隔離場(chǎng)監(jiān)裝過(guò)程中,所有奶牛逐頭掃描耳號(hào),電腦記錄生成耳號(hào)明細(xì),并進(jìn)行臨床檢查,裝載核對(duì)數(shù)量無(wú)誤后,運(yùn)輸車輛加施官方封識(shí)。MGAP官方獸醫(yī)出具裝運(yùn)單和耳號(hào)明細(xì)隨車同行。裝運(yùn)臨床檢查剔除61頭,最終共計(jì)9 604頭合格奶牛順利裝船,運(yùn)回我國(guó)接受為期45 d的口岸隔離檢疫。本文為構(gòu)建“境外預(yù)檢+口岸檢疫”的雙保險(xiǎn)進(jìn)口動(dòng)物檢疫管理體系做出了有益的探討,為提高我國(guó)進(jìn)口動(dòng)物檢疫技術(shù)積累了經(jīng)驗(yàn)。
[Abstract]:With the development of world economic globalization, international trade is becoming more and more frequent, which provides objective conditions for the wide spread and prevalence of animal disease. China is constructing an import animal quarantine management system based on national conditions, following international rules, risk management and quarantine technology. As a part of the management system of import animal quarantine, it is of great significance to protect the safety of animal husbandry production, improve the variety of livestock, improve the production performance, protect the life and health of the people, and promote the development of foreign trade economy. In this paper, to carry out overseas pre-inspection of imported cows in Uruguay as the research content, through the whole process of participating in the process of overseas pre-inspection of imported cows, we have familiarized ourselves with the procedures of overseas pre-inspection of imported cows, and have mastered the methods and techniques of overseas pre-inspection. The experiences that need to be paid attention to and worth learning in the whole process of overseas pre-inspection are analyzed. (1) Farm quarantine. The imported cows came from 305 farms in 13 provinces of Uruguay, with a total of 13,162 primary cows. In the course of blood collection, 160 cases were eliminated by clinical examination, while blood samples were collected from the remaining 13,002. They were sent to the National Veterinary Laboratory of Uruguay (DILAVE) for prescribed epidemic disease (bovine leukemia EBL, bovine viral diarrhea BVD, paratuberculosis PT,). Laboratory quarantine of brucellosis (Brucellosis) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Tuberculosis (Tuberculosis) was tested intradermal with bovine root tuberculin (PPD) when blood was collected from farm. Results A total of 2 459 positive cattle were detected and the positive rate was 18.91. The positive rates of EBL,BVD and PT were 18.28% (2373 / 13 002), 0.54% (57 / 10 629) and 0.27 (29 / 10 572), respectively. Brucellosis, tuberculosis and foot-and-mouth disease were all negative. There were 10 543 eligible cattle in farm, and the elimination rate was 19.90% (2619 / 13 162). (2). Before entering the quarantine field, 326 cows were eliminated by clinical examination, the remaining 10 217 cattle were admitted to the Uruguayan animal husbandry, the Rubadel SA of live cattle isolation farm approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MGAP) was quarantined and 20 were eliminated by clinical examination in the course of blood collection. The other 10 197 blood samples were collected and sent to the DILAVE laboratory for EBL,BVD and FMD quarantine. Results A total of 227 positive cattle were detected and the positive rate was 2.23. The positive rates of EBL and BVD were 2.18% (222 / 10 197) and 0.05% (5 / 9 975) respectively. All the positive cattle were eliminated, FMD was negative. 305 positive cattle were eliminated by clinical examination. The eligible cattle were 9 665, and the elimination rate was 8.33% (878 / 10 543). Treatment of leptospirosis and extermination of parasites in vivo and in vitro with drugs approved by MGAP upon entry to isolation site as required by the Protocol; The isolated cows were injected with MGAP approved foot-and-mouth disease (A and O) and infectious rhinotracheitis (IBR), anthrax (Anthrax) vaccine. During quarantine and quarantine, 240 "Sentinel Animal" cattle were collected and collected blood samples for ELISA diagnosis and clinical examination within 7 days before shipment. Laboratory quarantine results are all negative, asymptomatic clinical, in accordance with the protocol. (3) supervise shipment. During the process of quarantine farm monitoring, all cows scan ear numbers head by head, computer records generate ear numbers, and clinical examinations are carried out. After loading and checking the quantity is correct, Transport vehicle added official seal. MGAP official veterinarian issued a shipping order and ear details of the accompanying. A total of 9 604 eligible cows were finally shipped to China for 45 days of quarantine. This paper makes a beneficial discussion on the establishment of the double insurance import animal quarantine management system of "overseas pre-inspection port quarantine", and accumulates experience in improving the quarantine technology of imported animals in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S851.34
本文編號(hào)：2428937
[Abstract]:With the development of world economic globalization, international trade is becoming more and more frequent, which provides objective conditions for the wide spread and prevalence of animal disease. China is constructing an import animal quarantine management system based on national conditions, following international rules, risk management and quarantine technology. As a part of the management system of import animal quarantine, it is of great significance to protect the safety of animal husbandry production, improve the variety of livestock, improve the production performance, protect the life and health of the people, and promote the development of foreign trade economy. In this paper, to carry out overseas pre-inspection of imported cows in Uruguay as the research content, through the whole process of participating in the process of overseas pre-inspection of imported cows, we have familiarized ourselves with the procedures of overseas pre-inspection of imported cows, and have mastered the methods and techniques of overseas pre-inspection. The experiences that need to be paid attention to and worth learning in the whole process of overseas pre-inspection are analyzed. (1) Farm quarantine. The imported cows came from 305 farms in 13 provinces of Uruguay, with a total of 13,162 primary cows. In the course of blood collection, 160 cases were eliminated by clinical examination, while blood samples were collected from the remaining 13,002. They were sent to the National Veterinary Laboratory of Uruguay (DILAVE) for prescribed epidemic disease (bovine leukemia EBL, bovine viral diarrhea BVD, paratuberculosis PT,). Laboratory quarantine of brucellosis (Brucellosis) and foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). Tuberculosis (Tuberculosis) was tested intradermal with bovine root tuberculin (PPD) when blood was collected from farm. Results A total of 2 459 positive cattle were detected and the positive rate was 18.91. The positive rates of EBL,BVD and PT were 18.28% (2373 / 13 002), 0.54% (57 / 10 629) and 0.27 (29 / 10 572), respectively. Brucellosis, tuberculosis and foot-and-mouth disease were all negative. There were 10 543 eligible cattle in farm, and the elimination rate was 19.90% (2619 / 13 162). (2). Before entering the quarantine field, 326 cows were eliminated by clinical examination, the remaining 10 217 cattle were admitted to the Uruguayan animal husbandry, the Rubadel SA of live cattle isolation farm approved by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries (MGAP) was quarantined and 20 were eliminated by clinical examination in the course of blood collection. The other 10 197 blood samples were collected and sent to the DILAVE laboratory for EBL,BVD and FMD quarantine. Results A total of 227 positive cattle were detected and the positive rate was 2.23. The positive rates of EBL and BVD were 2.18% (222 / 10 197) and 0.05% (5 / 9 975) respectively. All the positive cattle were eliminated, FMD was negative. 305 positive cattle were eliminated by clinical examination. The eligible cattle were 9 665, and the elimination rate was 8.33% (878 / 10 543). Treatment of leptospirosis and extermination of parasites in vivo and in vitro with drugs approved by MGAP upon entry to isolation site as required by the Protocol; The isolated cows were injected with MGAP approved foot-and-mouth disease (A and O) and infectious rhinotracheitis (IBR), anthrax (Anthrax) vaccine. During quarantine and quarantine, 240 "Sentinel Animal" cattle were collected and collected blood samples for ELISA diagnosis and clinical examination within 7 days before shipment. Laboratory quarantine results are all negative, asymptomatic clinical, in accordance with the protocol. (3) supervise shipment. During the process of quarantine farm monitoring, all cows scan ear numbers head by head, computer records generate ear numbers, and clinical examinations are carried out. After loading and checking the quantity is correct, Transport vehicle added official seal. MGAP official veterinarian issued a shipping order and ear details of the accompanying. A total of 9 604 eligible cows were finally shipped to China for 45 days of quarantine. This paper makes a beneficial discussion on the establishment of the double insurance import animal quarantine management system of "overseas pre-inspection port quarantine", and accumulates experience in improving the quarantine technology of imported animals in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：S851.34
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