哈爾濱市部分寵物門診犬瘟熱病例流行病學(xué)調(diào)查與防制
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-22 20:04
【摘要】：犬瘟熱(Canine distemper,CD)是由犬科、鼬科和部分浣熊科動物感染犬瘟熱病毒(Canine distemper virus,CDV)所引起的一種急性、熱性、高度接觸性傳染病,臨床典型癥狀表現(xiàn)為雙相熱、結(jié)膜炎、鼻炎、卡他性肺炎、消化道炎癥、皮膚丘疹和神經(jīng)癥狀。近年來,隨著寵物犬養(yǎng)殖數(shù)量的不斷增大,廣泛存在不接種疫苗、免疫接種效果參差不齊的現(xiàn)象,門診接診中常見犬瘟熱出現(xiàn),嚴(yán)重威脅著犬的健康。鑒于寵物犬分散飼養(yǎng)的特點(diǎn),且為了有效防治CD,本研究選擇了哈爾濱市區(qū)部分動物門診的2012年10月~2014年9月的8694例門診病例犬為研究群體,就寵物CD發(fā)病情況分別從性別、年齡、免疫狀況和季節(jié)性等方面以及CD發(fā)病犬的主要臨床癥狀和治療方案等方面進(jìn)行回顧性臨床流行病學(xué)調(diào)查。此外,對無CD發(fā)病犬的血清CDV抗體水平進(jìn)行現(xiàn)況調(diào)查分析,結(jié)合流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)論提出相關(guān)綜合防制措施。CD發(fā)病情況調(diào)查表明:市區(qū)內(nèi)部分門診就診犬中CD發(fā)病犬所占門診病例總數(shù)的5.96%;在不同性別的犬中CD發(fā)病率接近,無顯著差異;本病一年四季均可流行,其中以冬、春季節(jié)中CD發(fā)病率較高,具有一定的季節(jié)性,與夏秋季節(jié)的發(fā)病率相比呈差異極顯著(P0.01);隨著犬年齡增長,CD發(fā)病率明顯下降,其中2~6月齡犬為CD發(fā)病的主要群體,占全部CD發(fā)病總數(shù)的50.67%;6~12月齡犬中CD發(fā)病占全部CD發(fā)病總數(shù)的23.12%;12月齡以上的成年犬中CD發(fā)病率占全部CD發(fā)病總數(shù)的5.78%,雖然2月齡以下犬中CD發(fā)病僅占全部CD發(fā)病總數(shù)的10.98%,但是其病死率高達(dá)80.70%。在品種方面調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)純種犬發(fā)病率與雜交犬和土犬相比,三者之間的差異均不顯著,但純種犬病死率與雜交犬相比呈差異顯著(P0.05);調(diào)查還發(fā)現(xiàn)隨著犬只接受疫苗免疫次數(shù)增加,CD發(fā)病率出現(xiàn)顯著下降。在對感染CDV的患犬進(jìn)行臨床癥狀和治療調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn):所有犬只均表現(xiàn)出CD的典型癥狀包括發(fā)熱(雙相熱)、呼吸系統(tǒng)感染和神經(jīng)癥狀,其中7.13%的CD發(fā)病犬在感染初期可伴有腹瀉和嘔吐等臨床少見的消化系統(tǒng)癥狀;治療階段患犬普遍繼發(fā)細(xì)菌感染,白細(xì)胞總數(shù)先升高后降低;療程調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn)在全部治愈犬中,70%以上的患犬治療周期大于10d,治療原則均采用了抗病毒、控制細(xì)菌繼發(fā)感染,并給予支持治療的方法;應(yīng)用CDV單克隆抗體配合干擾素治療的犬只治愈率達(dá)70%,是目前臨床治療CD的最優(yōu)方案。隨機(jī)對臨床上100例無CDV感染犬的血清特異性抗體水平進(jìn)行現(xiàn)況調(diào)查發(fā)現(xiàn):56%受調(diào)查犬血清CDV抗體具有中高水平,能夠抵抗CDV感染;而24%受調(diào)查犬具有較低水平的CDV血清抗體,余下20%犬只血清中未能檢出CDV抗體,此兩部分犬存在CDV感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。最后,結(jié)合流行病學(xué)調(diào)查結(jié)果和疫苗免疫抗體水平調(diào)查結(jié)果提出了CD綜合防制措施建議。
[Abstract]:Canine distemper (Canine distemper,CD) is an acute, hot, highly contact infectious disease caused by canine distemper virus (Canine distemper virus,CDV), which is characterized by biphasic fever and conjunctivitis. Rhinitis, catarrhal pneumonia, alimentary tract inflammation, skin papules and neurological symptoms. In recent years, with the increasing number of pet dog breeding, the phenomenon of non-vaccination and uneven immunization effect exists widely. The common canine distemper appears in outpatient consultation, which is a serious threat to the health of dogs. In view of the characteristics of scattered feeding of pet dogs, and in order to prevent and cure CD, effectively, 8694 outpatient dogs from October 2012 to September 2014 were selected from some animal outpatient clinics in Harbin urban area as a study group. The incidence of CD in pets was analyzed by sex. Age, immune status and seasonality, and the main clinical symptoms and treatment plans of dogs with CD were investigated retrospectively. In addition, the serum CDV antibody levels in dogs without CD were investigated and analyzed. Combined with the conclusion of epidemiological investigation, the related comprehensive prevention measures were put forward. The investigation on the incidence of CD showed that the incidence rate of CD dogs was 5.96% of the total number of outpatient cases in some outpatient dogs in the urban area. There was no significant difference in the incidence of CD between different genders. The incidence of CD in winter and spring was higher than that in summer and autumn (P0.01). With the increase of age, the incidence of CD decreased obviously. 2 months old dogs were the main group of CD, accounting for 50.67% of all CD cases and 23.12% of all CD cases in 12-month-old dogs. The incidence of CD in adult dogs aged over 12 months accounted for 5.78% of all cases of CD. Although the incidence of CD in dogs under the age of 2 months only accounted for 10.98% of all cases of CD, the fatality rate was as high as 80.70%. In terms of breed, the incidence rate of purebred dogs was not significantly different from that of crossbred dogs and native dogs, but the fatality rate of purebred dogs was significantly different from that of crossbred dogs (P0.05). The investigation also found that the incidence of CD decreased significantly as the number of vaccinations increased in dogs. A survey of clinical symptoms and treatment of dogs infected with CDV showed that all dogs showed typical symptoms of CD, including fever (bipolar fever), respiratory infection and neurological symptoms. 7.13% of the dogs with CD had rare digestive system symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting in the early stage of infection. In the treatment stage, the number of white blood cells increased first and then decreased. It was found that more than 70% of all cured dogs had a treatment period of more than 10 days. The principles of treatment were anti-virus, controlling bacterial secondary infection, and giving support treatment. The cure rate of dog treated with CDV monoclonal antibody combined with interferon is 70%, which is the best regimen for the treatment of CD. The serum specific antibody levels of 100 dogs without CDV infection were investigated at random. The results showed that 56% of the tested dogs had moderate and high levels of serum CDV antibodies, which could resist CDV infection. However, 24% of the tested dogs had lower levels of CDV antibody, and 20% of the remaining 20% of the dogs had no CDV antibody. The two groups were at risk of CDV infection. Finally, combined with the results of epidemiological investigation and vaccine antibody level survey, the comprehensive prevention and control measures of CD were proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.292
本文編號：2428570
[Abstract]:Canine distemper (Canine distemper,CD) is an acute, hot, highly contact infectious disease caused by canine distemper virus (Canine distemper virus,CDV), which is characterized by biphasic fever and conjunctivitis. Rhinitis, catarrhal pneumonia, alimentary tract inflammation, skin papules and neurological symptoms. In recent years, with the increasing number of pet dog breeding, the phenomenon of non-vaccination and uneven immunization effect exists widely. The common canine distemper appears in outpatient consultation, which is a serious threat to the health of dogs. In view of the characteristics of scattered feeding of pet dogs, and in order to prevent and cure CD, effectively, 8694 outpatient dogs from October 2012 to September 2014 were selected from some animal outpatient clinics in Harbin urban area as a study group. The incidence of CD in pets was analyzed by sex. Age, immune status and seasonality, and the main clinical symptoms and treatment plans of dogs with CD were investigated retrospectively. In addition, the serum CDV antibody levels in dogs without CD were investigated and analyzed. Combined with the conclusion of epidemiological investigation, the related comprehensive prevention measures were put forward. The investigation on the incidence of CD showed that the incidence rate of CD dogs was 5.96% of the total number of outpatient cases in some outpatient dogs in the urban area. There was no significant difference in the incidence of CD between different genders. The incidence of CD in winter and spring was higher than that in summer and autumn (P0.01). With the increase of age, the incidence of CD decreased obviously. 2 months old dogs were the main group of CD, accounting for 50.67% of all CD cases and 23.12% of all CD cases in 12-month-old dogs. The incidence of CD in adult dogs aged over 12 months accounted for 5.78% of all cases of CD. Although the incidence of CD in dogs under the age of 2 months only accounted for 10.98% of all cases of CD, the fatality rate was as high as 80.70%. In terms of breed, the incidence rate of purebred dogs was not significantly different from that of crossbred dogs and native dogs, but the fatality rate of purebred dogs was significantly different from that of crossbred dogs (P0.05). The investigation also found that the incidence of CD decreased significantly as the number of vaccinations increased in dogs. A survey of clinical symptoms and treatment of dogs infected with CDV showed that all dogs showed typical symptoms of CD, including fever (bipolar fever), respiratory infection and neurological symptoms. 7.13% of the dogs with CD had rare digestive system symptoms such as diarrhea and vomiting in the early stage of infection. In the treatment stage, the number of white blood cells increased first and then decreased. It was found that more than 70% of all cured dogs had a treatment period of more than 10 days. The principles of treatment were anti-virus, controlling bacterial secondary infection, and giving support treatment. The cure rate of dog treated with CDV monoclonal antibody combined with interferon is 70%, which is the best regimen for the treatment of CD. The serum specific antibody levels of 100 dogs without CDV infection were investigated at random. The results showed that 56% of the tested dogs had moderate and high levels of serum CDV antibodies, which could resist CDV infection. However, 24% of the tested dogs had lower levels of CDV antibody, and 20% of the remaining 20% of the dogs had no CDV antibody. The two groups were at risk of CDV infection. Finally, combined with the results of epidemiological investigation and vaccine antibody level survey, the comprehensive prevention and control measures of CD were proposed.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S858.292
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