發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-02-15 23:21

【摘要】：【目的】合理的放牧方式對(duì)維持草地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡具有重要意義。研究輪牧方式對(duì)灘羊牧食特性、體重及繁殖性能的影響可為草地放牧管理提供依據(jù)�！痉椒ā恳詫幭拿娣e最大的荒漠草原為對(duì)象,在載畜率為0.75只/hm2水平下,設(shè)置連續(xù)放牧(CG)、二區(qū)輪牧(TG)、四區(qū)輪牧(FG)、六區(qū)輪牧(SG)4個(gè)處理。采用跟群全天觀察法測(cè)定灘羊的牧食習(xí)性,利用差額法測(cè)定采食量,采用常規(guī)方法測(cè)定草群和灘羊攝入牧草營(yíng)養(yǎng)成分,每個(gè)輪牧周期結(jié)束觀測(cè)灘羊的體重,統(tǒng)計(jì)放牧期間繁殖性能等�！窘Y(jié)果】放牧全天,灘羊采食時(shí)間占據(jù)了主體,比例達(dá)64%以上。隨輪牧分區(qū)增加,灘羊采食、游走站立時(shí)間下降(P0.05),反芻臥息時(shí)間增加(P0.05);排泄、爭(zhēng)斗、瘙癢、啃食異物等其他行為受個(gè)體行為影響更大,所占時(shí)間比例不到1.4%。草地牧草采食量表現(xiàn)為四區(qū)與六區(qū)輪牧無明顯差異(P0.05),但均高于連續(xù)放牧和二區(qū)輪牧,連續(xù)放牧采食量最低(P0.05);草地采食率呈現(xiàn)連續(xù)輪牧二區(qū)輪牧四區(qū)輪牧六區(qū)輪牧的趨勢(shì),連續(xù)放牧達(dá)到39.06%,六區(qū)輪牧僅為27.9%;灘羊日采食量在二區(qū)、四區(qū)、六區(qū)輪牧方式下差異不大(P0.05),在連續(xù)放牧區(qū)最低(P0.05)。灘羊攝入的牧草的粗蛋白、粗脂肪、磷的含量總體高于草群相應(yīng)養(yǎng)分含量,而粗纖維和鈣低于草群養(yǎng)分含量,粗灰分和無氮浸出物比較接近,說明灘羊具有選食蛋白質(zhì)含量高,粗纖維含量低牧草的能力;隨輪牧分區(qū)增加,灘羊攝入的牧草粗蛋白含量呈下降趨勢(shì)、粗纖維呈上升變化,但灘羊攝入干物質(zhì)、粗蛋白和磷的總量增加;各處理下灘羊營(yíng)養(yǎng)攝入量均超出了美國(guó)NRC綿羊飼養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),說明暖季灘羊放牧不需要補(bǔ)飼。放牧期間,灘羊體重和日增重以連續(xù)放牧最低(P0.05),二區(qū)、四區(qū)及六區(qū)輪牧間無顯著差異(P0.05);各處理下灘羊產(chǎn)羔率、羔羊平均初生重等繁殖性能接近,說明在適宜載畜率水平下,輪牧方式對(duì)灘羊繁殖性能影響不大�！窘Y(jié)論】輪牧方式對(duì)灘羊牧食特征和增重產(chǎn)生了影響,相對(duì)于連續(xù)放牧,隨輪牧分區(qū)增加,草地牧草采食率、灘羊采食時(shí)間和攝入的牧草粗蛋白含量下降,但草地采食量,灘羊日采食量及攝入的干物質(zhì)、粗蛋白等營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)總量增加。劃區(qū)輪牧沒有提高灘羊繁殖性能,但更有利于灘羊體重增加。若僅考慮灘羊牧食特征、增重性能以及生產(chǎn)中放牧管理的便利性,二區(qū)輪牧方式是寧夏荒漠草原灘羊暖季的最優(yōu)放牧方式。
[Abstract]:Objective: to maintain the balance of grassland ecosystem with reasonable grazing methods. The effects of rotation grazing mode on grazing characteristics, body weight and reproductive performance of Tan sheep could provide basis for grazing management of grassland. [methods] taking the desert steppe with the largest area in Ningxia as an object, the stocking rate was 0. 75 / hm2. Four treatments were set up for continuous grazing, rotation grazing, (TG), (FG), (FG), six, continuous grazing. The grazing habits of Tan sheep were measured by the whole day observation method, the feed intake was measured by the difference method, and the forage nutrients were measured by the conventional method. The body weight of the Tan sheep was observed at the end of each cycle of grazing. [results] the feeding time of Tan sheep occupied the main part in the whole day of grazing, and the proportion was more than 64%. With the increase of rotation grazing, the feeding time of Tan sheep decreased (P0.05), and the time of regurgitation increased (P0.05). Other behaviors, such as excretion, fighting, itching, and eating foreign bodies, are more affected by individual behavior, accounting for less than 1.4 percent of the time. There was no significant difference in grazing intake between four and six regions (P0.05), but it was higher than that of continuous grazing and rotation grazing in the second area (P0.05), and the feed intake of continuous grazing was the lowest (P0.05). The grazing rate of grassland showed the trend of rotation grazing in the fourth and sixth districts of the second district of continuous rotation grazing, and 39.06% of continuous grazing, and only 27.9% of rotational grazing in the six regions. The daily feed intake of Tan sheep in the second, fourth and sixth districts had little difference (P0.05), but the lowest in the continuous grazing area (P0.05). The content of crude protein, crude fat and phosphorus was higher in Tan sheep than that in grass group, but the content of crude fiber and calcium was lower than that of grass group, and the crude ash content and nitrogen free extract were close, which indicated that Tan sheep had high protein content of selective feed, but the content of crude fiber and calcium was lower than that of grass group, and the crude ash content was close to that of nitrogen free extract. The ability of low fiber content forage; With the increase of rotation grazing area, the content of crude protein and crude fiber of Tan sheep decreased, but the total intake of dry matter, crude protein and phosphorus increased. The nutrient intake of Tan sheep under each treatment was higher than that of American NRC sheep, which indicated that there was no need for supplementary feeding of Tan sheep in warm season. During grazing period, the weight and daily gain of Tan sheep were the lowest in continuous grazing (P0.05), but there was no significant difference between rotation grazing in two, four and six districts (P0.05). The lambing rate and the average birth weight of lambs under different treatments were close to each other, which indicated that the rotation mode had little effect on the breeding performance of Tan sheep at the level of suitable stocking rate. [conclusion] the rotation mode had an effect on the feeding characteristics and weight gain of Tan sheep. Compared with continuous grazing, with the increase of rotation grazing, the forage intake rate, the intake time and the content of crude protein of forage decreased, but the intake of grassland, daily intake and dry matter of Tan sheep decreased. The total amount of nutrients such as crude protein increased. The rotation grazing did not improve the breeding performance of Tan sheep, but was more favorable to the weight gain of Tan sheep. If only the feeding characteristics of Tan sheep, the performance of weight gain and the convenience of grazing management in production were taken into account, the optimal grazing mode of Tan sheep in Ningxia desert steppe in warm season was the rotation mode of grazing in the second area.
【作者單位】： 寧夏大學(xué)農(nóng)學(xué)院草業(yè)科學(xué)研究所;寧夏大學(xué)西北土地退化與生態(tài)恢復(fù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育基地;
【基金】：國(guó)家重點(diǎn)研發(fā)計(jì)劃課題(2016YFC0500505) 寧夏回族自治區(qū)科技支撐重大專項(xiàng)(2012) 中國(guó)科學(xué)院“西部之光”人才培養(yǎng)引進(jìn)計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(XAB2015A10)
【分類號(hào)】：S826;S812.8

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