【摘要】：試驗(yàn)對(duì)內(nèi)蒙古錫林浩特市典型草原區(qū)人工草地進(jìn)行了為期兩年的觀測(cè)取樣(2013-2014年),就各灌水處理下的土壤含水量變化、植株生長(zhǎng)情況及牧草生物產(chǎn)量進(jìn)行了調(diào)查研究。通過(guò)對(duì)各項(xiàng)生長(zhǎng)指標(biāo)的綜合分析,最終確定各類牧草的最佳灌水次數(shù)與補(bǔ)水時(shí)期,以期為確定節(jié)水型優(yōu)化灌溉制度,提高牧草高產(chǎn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。得出以下結(jié)論：1、現(xiàn)蕾期(5-6月)地表蒸發(fā)較快且水分丟失迅速,需進(jìn)行灌水,且灌水主要影響淺層土壤的水分波動(dòng)；花期(7月)降雨增多水分蒸發(fā)減少,土壤含水量可維持在一定水平,灌水并不能起到關(guān)鍵性作用；結(jié)實(shí)期(8月)深層土壤能夠保持較高濕度,此時(shí)牧草產(chǎn)量開(kāi)始減少,灌水意義不大。2、整個(gè)試驗(yàn)階段(5月-8月)盛花期時(shí)(7月末)所有灌水處理、所有牧草品種的生物產(chǎn)量均達(dá)到最大值,之后灌水對(duì)當(dāng)年產(chǎn)量增加并無(wú)顯著作用。3、無(wú)芒雀麥與冰草,生長(zhǎng)季早期(5-6月)進(jìn)行灌水是維持植株較大生長(zhǎng)的關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,有利于形成牧草的高產(chǎn)穩(wěn)產(chǎn)。此階段補(bǔ)水一次,植物利用率較大,生產(chǎn)效益最佳,可以有效節(jié)水灌溉與節(jié)約成本。灌水量為52.5mm(35方／畝)。4、紫花苜蓿,由于其低水效高耗水的特點(diǎn),只有在水分充足時(shí)才可獲得高產(chǎn),因此整個(gè)生長(zhǎng)季應(yīng)推行3-4次的灌溉制度,以保證苜蓿的供水充足與穩(wěn)定生長(zhǎng)。5、垂穗披堿草,增加灌水次數(shù)并不能顯著提高牧草產(chǎn)量,為節(jié)約成本,可對(duì)其采取雨養(yǎng)(不進(jìn)行任何灌水)處理,也能夠達(dá)到相同的生產(chǎn)效益。
[Abstract]:Two years observation sampling (2013-2014) of artificial grassland in typical grassland area of Xilinhaote, Inner Mongolia was carried out. The changes of soil water content, plant growth and forage biomass under various irrigation treatments were investigated. Based on the comprehensive analysis of various growth indexes, the optimal irrigation times and water supplementation periods of all kinds of forage were determined in order to provide a scientific basis for determining the optimal irrigation system of water-saving type and improving the economic benefit of high yield of forage grass. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Surface evaporation and water loss are fast in budding stage (May-June), so irrigation is needed, and irrigation mainly affects water fluctuation in shallow soil. In the flowering period (July), rainfall increased and water evaporation decreased, soil water content could be maintained at a certain level, irrigation could not play a key role. During the fruiting period (August), the deep soil was able to keep high humidity, and the forage yield began to decrease, and the irrigation was of little significance. All the irrigation treatments were used in the whole experiment stage (May-August) at the flowering stage (late July). The biological yield of all forage varieties reached the maximum value, but irrigation had no significant effect on the yield increase in the current year. 3. The key period of maintaining larger plant growth was irrigation in the early growing season (May to June). It is propitious to form a high and stable yield of forage. In this stage, the utilization ratio of plants is large and the production benefit is the best, which can save water effectively and save the cost. The irrigation amount is 52.5mm (35 square / mu). 4, alfalfa, because of its low water efficiency and high water consumption, the high yield can be obtained only when the water is sufficient, so the irrigation system should be carried out 3-4 times in the whole growing season. In order to ensure the sufficient and stable growth of alfalfa water supply. 5. The increase of irrigation times can not significantly increase the yield of forage grass. In order to save the cost, it can be treated with rain (without any irrigation). Can also achieve the same production efficiency.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S812.4

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