【摘要】：我國鴨品種資源豐富,鴨蛋與鴨肉生產(chǎn)與消費(fèi)量大,但是地方鴨品種產(chǎn)蛋性能低,不能滿足市場需求。產(chǎn)蛋性能屬于低遺傳力性狀,通過常規(guī)的育種方法改進(jìn)速度較慢,分子標(biāo)記輔助選擇為加快畜禽性狀的遺傳改良提供了新的方法。本研究以連城白鴨和白改鴨雜交的第二世代群體為實(shí)驗(yàn)材料,以繁殖生長軸上GnIH、GnIHR、MTNR1A、MTNR1B和OTX2為候選基因,采用PCR-RFLP方法對候選基因進(jìn)行多態(tài)性檢測,并分析各位點(diǎn)與鴨的產(chǎn)蛋性狀和蛋品質(zhì)性狀的相關(guān)性。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、在GnIH基因中發(fā)現(xiàn)了5個(gè)引起酶切位點(diǎn)改變的SNP,其中上游5’端-1325GC位點(diǎn)與蛋殼強(qiáng)度和蛋形指數(shù)顯著相關(guān)(P0.05);內(nèi)含子1的1799AG位點(diǎn)與開產(chǎn)體重、開產(chǎn)日齡、240天產(chǎn)蛋量、顯著相關(guān)(P0.05);外顯子2的2041CT位點(diǎn)與開產(chǎn)體重、開產(chǎn)日齡、顯著相關(guān)(P0.05);基因下游的3328GA與開產(chǎn)日齡、150天產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)極顯著相關(guān)(P0.01),與180天至300天產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)顯著相關(guān)(P0.05),且該位點(diǎn)在突變后出現(xiàn)了調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)育的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子CDP CR1。2、GnIHR基因-40AG位位點(diǎn)與210天、240天、330天產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)顯著相關(guān)(P0.05);113GA位點(diǎn)與開產(chǎn)日齡、210天至360天產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)顯著相關(guān)(P0.05);2676TC位點(diǎn)與120天產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)、極顯著相關(guān)(P0.01),與開產(chǎn)體重、開產(chǎn)日齡、150天至240天產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)顯著相關(guān)(P0.05),1587TC和1838CT均與產(chǎn)蛋性狀和蛋品質(zhì)性狀沒有顯著關(guān)聯(lián)(P0.05)。3、MTNR1A基因外顯子3中3887AG位點(diǎn)與510天產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)極顯著相關(guān)(P0.01),與480天產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)、蛋殼強(qiáng)度顯著相關(guān)(P0.05),314AG、809GC、1935TC位點(diǎn)均與各產(chǎn)蛋性狀和蛋品質(zhì)性狀沒有顯著關(guān)聯(lián)(P0.05)。4、MTNR1B基因內(nèi)含子1的112CG位點(diǎn)與哈氏單位顯著相關(guān)(P0.05);內(nèi)含子2的34093AG位點(diǎn)與開產(chǎn)日齡、150天、180天產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)、蛋形指數(shù)顯著相關(guān)(P0.05),35602AC、35782GA位點(diǎn)均與各產(chǎn)蛋性狀和蛋品質(zhì)性狀沒有顯著關(guān)聯(lián)(P0.05)。5、OTX2基因內(nèi)含子2的1796TA位點(diǎn)與開產(chǎn)日齡、開產(chǎn)蛋重、蛋殼強(qiáng)度顯著相關(guān)(P0.05);內(nèi)含子2的2036AG位點(diǎn)與開產(chǎn)日齡極顯著相關(guān)(P0.01),與開產(chǎn)蛋重顯著相關(guān)(P0.05);內(nèi)含子2的2083GA位點(diǎn)與開產(chǎn)日齡極顯著相關(guān)(P0.01),與開產(chǎn)蛋重、210天、240天產(chǎn)蛋數(shù)顯著相關(guān)(P0.05);第三外顯子中的2980TA位點(diǎn)與蛋殼強(qiáng)度顯著相關(guān)(P0.05);3’UTR區(qū)的3016GA位點(diǎn)與開產(chǎn)日齡、蛋殼強(qiáng)度、哈氏單位顯著相關(guān)(P0.05)。6、兩個(gè)基因的聯(lián)合分析發(fā)現(xiàn):GnIH基因的3328GA位點(diǎn)與OTX2基因的2083GA位點(diǎn)聯(lián)合作用與開產(chǎn)日齡顯著相關(guān)(P0.05),優(yōu)勢基因型組合為AA-GG,OTX2基因的2036AG位點(diǎn)與GnIHR基因的113GA位點(diǎn)和OTX2基因的2083GA位點(diǎn)與GnIHR基因的113GA位點(diǎn)聯(lián)合作用與開產(chǎn)日齡極顯著相關(guān)(P0.01),優(yōu)勢基因型組合分別為AA-GG和GG-GG。MTNR1B的34093AG與GnIHR基因113GA位點(diǎn)聯(lián)合作用與開產(chǎn)體重顯著相關(guān)(P0.05),OTX2基因的2036AG位點(diǎn)與MTNR1B基因的34093AG位點(diǎn)聯(lián)合作用與開產(chǎn)蛋重顯著相關(guān)(P0.05)。
[Abstract]:Duck breeds in China are rich in resources, the production and consumption of duck eggs and duck meat are large, but the laying performance of local duck breeds is low, which can not meet the market demand. The egg laying performance is a low heritability trait, and the improvement speed is slow through the conventional breeding method. The molecular marker-assisted selection provides a new method for accelerating the genetic improvement of livestock and poultry traits. In this study, the second generation population of Liancheng White Duck and White modified Duck were used as experimental materials, GnIH,GnIHR,MTNR1A,MTNR1B and OTX2 on reproductive growth axis were used as candidate genes, and PCR-RFLP method was used to detect the polymorphism of candidate genes. The correlation between each spot and laying traits and egg quality traits of duck was analyzed. The main results were as follows: 1. Five SNP, sites were found in the GnIH gene, in which the upstream 5 '-end 1325GC sites were significantly correlated with eggshell strength and egg shape index (P0.05); The 1799AG locus of intron 1 was significantly correlated with the birth weight, the first day of production and the number of eggs produced on day 240 (P0.05), while the 2041CT locus of exon 2 was significantly correlated with the birth weight and the age of the first day (P0.05). The 3328GA downstream of the gene was significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid on the first day, 150 days (P0.01), and the number of eggs laid from 180 days to 300 days (P0.05), and the transcription factor CDP CR1.2, which regulated the development of the locus, appeared after the mutation. The GnIHR gene 40AG locus was significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid on 210d, 240d and 330d (P0.05). The 113GA locus was significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid from 210d to 360d (P0.05). The 2676TC locus was significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid at 120th day (P0.01), with the body weight, the age of the first day and the number of eggs laid from 150d to 240d (P0.05). 1587TC and 1838CT were not significantly correlated with egg laying traits and egg quality traits (P0.05). 3The 3887AG locus in exon 3 of the MTNR1A gene was significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid on 510 days (P0.01), and with the number of eggs laid on 480 days. The eggshell strength was significantly correlated (P0.05), while the 314AGN 809GC1 1935TC locus was not significantly correlated with the egg laying traits and egg quality traits (P0.05). 4 the 112CG locus of intron 1 of MTNR1B gene was significantly correlated with the Hardy units (P0.05). The 34093AG loci of intron 2 were significantly correlated with egg number, egg shape index and egg shape index (P0.05) on the first day, 150d, 180d, respectively (P0.05), but there was no significant correlation between 35602ACAC 35782GA locus and egg laying traits and egg quality traits (P0.05). The 1796TA locus of intron 2 of OTX2 gene was significantly correlated with age, egg weight and eggshell strength (P0.05). The 2036AG locus of intron 2 was significantly correlated with the age of the first day (P0.01) and the egg weight (P0.05). The 2083GA locus of intron 2 was significantly correlated with the age of egg production (P0.01), the egg weight of 210d and 240d (P0.05), the 2980TA locus of exon 3 was significantly correlated with eggshell strength (P0.05). The 3016GA locus in the 3'UTR region was significantly correlated with the age of birth, eggshell strength and Hardy unit (P0.05). Combined analysis of two genes showed that the combination of 3328GA site of GnIH gene and 2083GA site of OTX2 gene was significantly related to the age of birth (P0.05), and the dominant genotype combination was AA-GG,. The combination of 2036AG site of OTX2 gene and 113GA site of GnIHR gene, 2083GA site of OTX2 gene and 113GA site of GnIHR gene were significantly correlated with birth age (P0.01). The combination of 34093AG and GnIHR 113GA loci in AA-GG and GG-GG.MTNR1B were significantly correlated with birth weight (P0.05). The combined effect of 2036AG locus of OTX2 gene and 34093AG locus of MTNR1B gene was significantly correlated with egg opening weight (P0.05).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S834

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