瘤胃保護(hù)葡萄糖的制備及在奶牛圍產(chǎn)后期的應(yīng)用研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-15 05:40
【摘要】：本研究采用流化床包衣技術(shù),研制出在瘤胃內(nèi)保護(hù)率高的葡萄糖微膠囊產(chǎn)品,并將其添加到圍產(chǎn)后期奶牛日糧中進(jìn)行飼養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)。旨在探究日糧中添加葡萄糖對(duì)圍產(chǎn)后期奶牛體重、生產(chǎn)性能、血液生化指標(biāo)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)表觀消化率的影響。研究分為如下三個(gè)部分進(jìn)行:試驗(yàn)一、壁材及適宜濃度的篩選選取乙基纖維素、聚丙烯酸樹(shù)脂IV和殼聚糖三種對(duì)p H敏感的材料作為壁材,采用相同的制作工藝及制作條件,通過(guò)感官指標(biāo)評(píng)定其不同濃度下包衣制粒效果,從而確定各類(lèi)壁材的最佳濃度。研究表明,乙基纖維素、丙烯酸樹(shù)脂IV和殼聚糖可在最適濃度下制備出的瘤胃保護(hù)葡萄糖微膠囊,顆粒較均勻,包衣完整,樣品干燥不易發(fā)生粘連。試驗(yàn)二、瘤胃保護(hù)葡萄糖微膠囊的制備及其保護(hù)效果評(píng)定將葡萄糖做為芯材,適宜濃度的乙基纖維素、聚丙烯酸樹(shù)脂IV和殼聚糖三種對(duì)p H材料作為壁材,利用FLP-3流化床制粒干燥機(jī),采用噴霧干燥法制備出三種瘤胃保護(hù)性葡萄糖微膠囊,乙基纖維素-M、聚丙烯酸樹(shù)脂IV-M和殼聚糖微-M。通過(guò)體外試驗(yàn)和體內(nèi)試驗(yàn),檢測(cè)三種瘤胃保護(hù)性葡萄糖微膠囊在瘤胃中的穩(wěn)定性。結(jié)果表明:在體外培養(yǎng)試驗(yàn)中,乙基纖維素-M微膠囊在人工唾液及p H為6.6的緩沖液中培養(yǎng)2h~24h時(shí),釋放率分別為9.5%~15.52%和11.82%~35.69%,極顯著低于聚丙烯酸樹(shù)脂IV-M微膠囊和殼聚糖微-M膠囊(P0.01)。用尼龍袋法進(jìn)行瘤胃降解率測(cè)定,隨著時(shí)間延長(zhǎng),三種產(chǎn)品的降解率均逐漸升高,但乙基纖維素微膠囊在2h~24h內(nèi)的釋放率仍最低,即乙基纖維素-M微膠囊釋放率聚丙烯酸樹(shù)脂IV-M微膠囊殼聚糖-M微膠囊(P0.01)。在瘤胃中的釋放率為26.68%~48.62%,有效保護(hù)率達(dá)57.42%(k=0.03)�？梢�(jiàn)在本試驗(yàn)條件下,用乙基纖維素作為壁材,可以得到穩(wěn)定性較好的瘤胃保護(hù)葡萄糖微膠囊產(chǎn)品。試驗(yàn)三、日糧中添加瘤胃保護(hù)葡萄糖對(duì)圍產(chǎn)后期奶牛體重、生產(chǎn)性能、血液生化指標(biāo)和營(yíng)養(yǎng)表觀消化率的影響采用單因素隨機(jī)區(qū)組試驗(yàn)設(shè)計(jì),將產(chǎn)前21天健康和體況相近的頭胎荷斯坦奶牛28頭,隨機(jī)分為4組,每組7頭,日糧及飼養(yǎng)管理一致。其中,I組、II組、III組奶牛自分娩后第一天開(kāi)始分別在基礎(chǔ)飼糧中每天每頭添加200 g、300 g和400 g瘤胃保護(hù)葡萄糖微膠囊,IV組為對(duì)照組,飼喂基礎(chǔ)日糧。試驗(yàn)期28 d。結(jié)果表明:(1)I組、II組、III組和IV組產(chǎn)后體重分別減少61.99 kg、43.2 kg、42.83 kg和62.66 kg,與IV組體重減少量相比,II組、III組差異極顯著(P0.01)。(2)II組、III組產(chǎn)奶量為26.68 kg·d-1·cow-1、26.84 kg·d-1·cow-1,極顯著高于IV組24.49 kg·d-1·cow-1(P0.01),I組產(chǎn)奶量為25.66 kg·d-1·cow-1和IV組差異不顯著(P0.05)。(3)試驗(yàn)組提高乳蛋白和乳糖含量,但各組差異不顯著(P0.05)。(4)與對(duì)照組相比,試驗(yàn)組在產(chǎn)后7d極顯著提高了血清葡萄糖濃度,降低了血清中非酯化脂肪酸和β-羥丁酸濃度,尤其III組與對(duì)照組比較,數(shù)值分別降低了18.45%和52.11%,差異極顯著(P0.01)。(5)日糧中添加瘤胃保護(hù)葡萄糖微膠囊對(duì)日糧中各營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的表觀消化率無(wú)影響。綜上所述:本試驗(yàn)利用乙基纖維素作為壁材,通過(guò)噴霧干燥法制備出了一種新型的瘤胃保護(hù)葡萄糖微膠囊產(chǎn)品,過(guò)瘤胃率達(dá)到57.42%。將其添加到圍產(chǎn)后期的奶牛日糧中,可有效減緩奶牛產(chǎn)后體重?fù)p失,提高產(chǎn)奶量,提高血清中葡萄糖濃度,降低血清中非酯化脂肪酸和β-羥丁酸濃度。建議圍產(chǎn)后期奶牛日糧中瘤胃保護(hù)葡萄糖的適宜添加量為每天每頭300g~400g。
[Abstract]:In this study, a high-rate glucose microcapsule product was developed in the rumen by a fluidized-bed coating technique, and it was added to the dairy cow's daily ration in the post-production period. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of adding glucose to the body weight, production performance, blood biochemical index and apparent digestibility of nutrients in post-production dairy cows. The research is divided into three parts: test one, wall material and suitable concentration, select ethyl cellulose, polyacrylic resin IV and chitosan three p-H-sensitive materials as wall materials, adopt the same manufacturing process and production conditions, The best concentration of all kinds of wall materials was determined by the sensory index to evaluate the effect of coating granulation at different concentrations. The results indicated that ethyl cellulose, acrylic resin IV and chitosan can be used to protect the glucose microcapsule at the optimum concentration, the particles are more uniform, the coating is complete, and the sample drying is not easy to adhere. the preparation of the rumen-protected glucose microcapsule and the protective effect evaluation of the test 2 and the rumen protect the glucose as the core material, and the proper concentration of ethyl cellulose, polyacrylic resin IV and chitosan are used as the wall material, and the FLP-3 fluidized bed granulator is used, Three kinds of rumen protective glucose microcapsules, ethyl cellulose-M, polyacrylic resin IV-M and chitosan micro-M were prepared by spray drying. The stability of three kinds of rumen protective glucose microcapsules in the rumen was tested by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that in vitro culture, the release rate of ethyl cellulose-M microcapsules was 9. 5% ~ 15. 52% and 11. 82% ~ 35. 69%, which was significantly lower than that of polyacrylic resin IV-M microcapsule and chitosan micro-M capsule (P0.01). The degradation rate of the rumen was determined by the nylon bag method, and the degradation rate of the three products increased gradually as the time was prolonged, but the release rate of the ethyl cellulose microcapsules in the 2h-24h was still the lowest. namely, the ethyl cellulose-M microcapsule release rate polyacrylic resin IV-M microcapsule chitosan-M microcapsule (P0.01). The release rate in the rumen was 26. 68% ~ 48. 62%, and the effective protection rate was 57. 42% (k = 0.03). It can be seen that, under the condition of this test, using ethyl cellulose as the wall material, the rumen-protected glucose microcapsule product with better stability can be obtained. The effects of the addition of the rumen-protecting glucose on the body weight, the production performance, the blood biochemical index and the apparent digestibility of the dairy cows in the later stage of the experiment were designed by the single-factor random-zone group. The four groups were randomly divided into 4 groups, 7 in each group, and the daily ration and the feeding management were the same. in that group I, group II and group III, 200 g, 300 g and 400 g of the rumen-protected glucose microcapsule were respectively added to each of the first day after the first day of the delivery, and the IV group was the control group and the basal diet was fed. The results showed that (1) the post-natal weight of group I, group II, group III and group IV decreased by 61.99 kg, 43.2 kg, 42. 83 kg and 62. 66 kg, respectively, and the difference in group II and group III was very significant (P0.01). (2) The milk yield of group II and group III was 26. 68 kg 路 d-1 路 cow-1, 26. 84kg 路 d-1 路 cow-1, which was significantly higher than that of group IV. The milk yield of group I was 25.66 kg 路 d-1 路 cow-1 (P0.01). The difference between group I and group IV was not significant (P0.05). (3) The content of milk protein and lactose was increased in the test group, but the difference between the groups was not significant (P0.05). (4) Compared with the control group, the concentration of serum glucose was significantly increased in the test group at postnatal day 7d, and the concentration of non-esterified fatty acid and p-hydroxybutyric acid in serum was reduced. In particular group III and control group, the values of serum glucose decreased by 18. 45% and 52. 11%, respectively (P0.01). (5) There was no effect on the apparent digestibility of the nutrients in daily ration by adding the rumen-protective glucose microcapsule to the daily ration. To sum up, using ethyl cellulose as the wall material, a new type of rumen-protected glucose microcapsule product was prepared by spray-drying method, and the rumen rate was 57. 42%. The method can effectively slow the loss of the postpartum body weight of the milk cow, improve the milk yield, improve the glucose concentration in the serum, and reduce the concentration of the non-esterified fatty acid and the HCO3-hydroxybutyric acid in the serum. It is suggested that the appropriate amount of the rumen-protecting glucose in the dairy cows in the post-production period is 300g-400g per head per day.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S823.5
本文編號(hào)：2380080
[Abstract]:In this study, a high-rate glucose microcapsule product was developed in the rumen by a fluidized-bed coating technique, and it was added to the dairy cow's daily ration in the post-production period. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of adding glucose to the body weight, production performance, blood biochemical index and apparent digestibility of nutrients in post-production dairy cows. The research is divided into three parts: test one, wall material and suitable concentration, select ethyl cellulose, polyacrylic resin IV and chitosan three p-H-sensitive materials as wall materials, adopt the same manufacturing process and production conditions, The best concentration of all kinds of wall materials was determined by the sensory index to evaluate the effect of coating granulation at different concentrations. The results indicated that ethyl cellulose, acrylic resin IV and chitosan can be used to protect the glucose microcapsule at the optimum concentration, the particles are more uniform, the coating is complete, and the sample drying is not easy to adhere. the preparation of the rumen-protected glucose microcapsule and the protective effect evaluation of the test 2 and the rumen protect the glucose as the core material, and the proper concentration of ethyl cellulose, polyacrylic resin IV and chitosan are used as the wall material, and the FLP-3 fluidized bed granulator is used, Three kinds of rumen protective glucose microcapsules, ethyl cellulose-M, polyacrylic resin IV-M and chitosan micro-M were prepared by spray drying. The stability of three kinds of rumen protective glucose microcapsules in the rumen was tested by in vitro and in vivo experiments. The results showed that in vitro culture, the release rate of ethyl cellulose-M microcapsules was 9. 5% ~ 15. 52% and 11. 82% ~ 35. 69%, which was significantly lower than that of polyacrylic resin IV-M microcapsule and chitosan micro-M capsule (P0.01). The degradation rate of the rumen was determined by the nylon bag method, and the degradation rate of the three products increased gradually as the time was prolonged, but the release rate of the ethyl cellulose microcapsules in the 2h-24h was still the lowest. namely, the ethyl cellulose-M microcapsule release rate polyacrylic resin IV-M microcapsule chitosan-M microcapsule (P0.01). The release rate in the rumen was 26. 68% ~ 48. 62%, and the effective protection rate was 57. 42% (k = 0.03). It can be seen that, under the condition of this test, using ethyl cellulose as the wall material, the rumen-protected glucose microcapsule product with better stability can be obtained. The effects of the addition of the rumen-protecting glucose on the body weight, the production performance, the blood biochemical index and the apparent digestibility of the dairy cows in the later stage of the experiment were designed by the single-factor random-zone group. The four groups were randomly divided into 4 groups, 7 in each group, and the daily ration and the feeding management were the same. in that group I, group II and group III, 200 g, 300 g and 400 g of the rumen-protected glucose microcapsule were respectively added to each of the first day after the first day of the delivery, and the IV group was the control group and the basal diet was fed. The results showed that (1) the post-natal weight of group I, group II, group III and group IV decreased by 61.99 kg, 43.2 kg, 42. 83 kg and 62. 66 kg, respectively, and the difference in group II and group III was very significant (P0.01). (2) The milk yield of group II and group III was 26. 68 kg 路 d-1 路 cow-1, 26. 84kg 路 d-1 路 cow-1, which was significantly higher than that of group IV. The milk yield of group I was 25.66 kg 路 d-1 路 cow-1 (P0.01). The difference between group I and group IV was not significant (P0.05). (3) The content of milk protein and lactose was increased in the test group, but the difference between the groups was not significant (P0.05). (4) Compared with the control group, the concentration of serum glucose was significantly increased in the test group at postnatal day 7d, and the concentration of non-esterified fatty acid and p-hydroxybutyric acid in serum was reduced. In particular group III and control group, the values of serum glucose decreased by 18. 45% and 52. 11%, respectively (P0.01). (5) There was no effect on the apparent digestibility of the nutrients in daily ration by adding the rumen-protective glucose microcapsule to the daily ration. To sum up, using ethyl cellulose as the wall material, a new type of rumen-protected glucose microcapsule product was prepared by spray-drying method, and the rumen rate was 57. 42%. The method can effectively slow the loss of the postpartum body weight of the milk cow, improve the milk yield, improve the glucose concentration in the serum, and reduce the concentration of the non-esterified fatty acid and the HCO3-hydroxybutyric acid in the serum. It is suggested that the appropriate amount of the rumen-protecting glucose in the dairy cows in the post-production period is 300g-400g per head per day.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S823.5
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