【摘要】：人類通過數(shù)千年的馴化和近代以來有計(jì)劃性的育種,形成了當(dāng)今多樣化的畜禽品種,從而提供豐富的動(dòng)物源性蛋白滿足人類需求。在過去的100年里,數(shù)量遺傳學(xué)應(yīng)用于動(dòng)物育種領(lǐng)域引發(fā)了畜禽育種技術(shù)的革命,但畜禽機(jī)體遺傳發(fā)育體系相當(dāng)復(fù)雜,一些性狀仍然難以通過基于系譜的育種值進(jìn)行高效選育,遺傳潛能尚未充分發(fā)掘。人類基因組計(jì)劃帶來的理念和技術(shù)極大促進(jìn)了畜禽基因組學(xué)的發(fā)展,使得人們可以從全基因組水平精準(zhǔn)定位功能變異,挖掘功能元件的生物學(xué)意義,為畜禽分子設(shè)計(jì)育種提供重要的理論基礎(chǔ)。本文對(duì)近10年來豬(Sus scrofa)、牛(Bos taurus)、牦牛(Bos grunniens)、山羊(Capra hircus)、綿羊(Ovis aries)、雞(Gallus gallus)、鴨(Anas platyrhynchos)和鵝(Anser cygnoides)等主要畜禽的基因組學(xué)研究進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述,分別從參考基因組構(gòu)建和群體基因組學(xué)分析兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述,并對(duì)畜禽基因組未來的研究工作進(jìn)行了展望。
[Abstract]:Through thousands of years of domestication and modern planned breeding, human beings have formed a variety of livestock and poultry breeds, thus providing abundant animal-derived proteins to meet human needs. In the past 100 years, the application of quantitative genetics in animal breeding has led to a revolution in animal breeding technology, but the genetic and developmental system of livestock and poultry organism is very complex, and some traits are still difficult to be efficiently selected through breeding value based on pedigree. Genetic potential has not yet been fully exploited. The concept and technology brought about by the Human Genome Project have greatly promoted the development of animal genomics, making it possible for people to accurately locate functional variations at the whole genome level and to tap the biological significance of functional elements. It provides an important theoretical basis for molecular design and breeding of livestock and poultry. In this paper, the genomics research progress of the main livestock and poultry such as (Gallus gallus), (Anas platyrhynchos) and (Anser cygnoides) of (Capra hircus), sheep, (Ovis aries), chicken, (Gallus gallus), duck and goose (Anser cygnoides) were reviewed in recent 10 years, such as porcine (Sus scrofa), cattle, (Bos taurus), yak, (Bos grunniens), goat, (Capra hircus), sheep, (Gallus gallus), duck and goose (Anser cygnoides). The construction of reference genome and the analysis of population genomics were discussed, and the future research work of animal genome was prospected.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院北京畜牧獸醫(yī)研究所農(nóng)業(yè)部動(dòng)物遺傳育種與繁殖(家禽)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金面上項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):31672410) 國(guó)家科技支撐計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):2015BAD03B06) 國(guó)家水禽產(chǎn)業(yè)技術(shù)體系項(xiàng)目(編號(hào):CARS-43-01)資助~~
【分類號(hào)】：S813

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