【摘要】：選取10日齡的荷斯坦哺乳犢牛24頭(45.09±0.90 kg),隨機(jī)分成4組,Control組飼喂基礎(chǔ)日糧,LIV、MIV和HIV組在基礎(chǔ)日糧中添加3、6和9g/d異戊酸,分別于30日齡、60日齡和90日齡晨飼前稱重后進(jìn)行屠宰采樣,研究不同水平異戊酸對(duì)斷奶前后犢牛瘤胃發(fā)育的影響。結(jié)果表明：①異戊酸添加組各個(gè)日齡時(shí)四個(gè)胃室各胃室重和總胃重都高于Control組(P0.05)。②MIV、HIV組各日齡犢牛瘤胃占總胃重比例顯著大于Control組(P0.05),而MIV、HIV組之間差異不顯著(P0.05)。③MIV、HIV組各個(gè)日齡時(shí)犢牛瘤胃五個(gè)部位的各形態(tài)學(xué)指標(biāo)均顯著高于Control組(P0.05)。④MIV、HIV組瘤胃液各日齡總揮發(fā)性脂肪酸、乙酸、乙酸/丙酸顯著高于對(duì)照組(P0.05),戊酸、氨態(tài)氮、pH顯著低于Control組(P0.05)。⑤異戊酸添加組各日齡犢牛瘤胃液溶纖維丁酸弧菌,60、90日齡的白色瘤胃球菌、黃色瘤胃球菌、產(chǎn)琥珀酸絲狀桿菌顯著高于Control組(P0.05),其中MIV、HIV組差異不顯著(P0.05)。⑥MIV、HIV組犢牛各日齡瘤胃中濾紙酶活、30日齡α-淀粉酶和β-淀粉酶、60日齡和90日齡的羧甲基纖維素酶活、纖維二糖酶活、木聚糖酶、果膠酶顯著高于Control組(P0.05)。⑦M(jìn)IV、HIV組各日齡犢牛瘤胃黏膜的生長激素受體mRNA表達(dá)量、胰島素受體mRNA表達(dá)量都顯著高于Control組(P0.05),其中MIV、HIV組差異不顯著(P0.05)。⑧MIV、HIV組各日齡犢牛瘤胃背囊、前腹盲囊后腹盲囊胰島素樣生長因子1受體mRNA表達(dá)都顯著高于Control組(P0.05),而HIV組差異不顯著(P0.05)。⑨60、90日齡犢牛瘤胃各部位的3-羥基-3-甲基戊二酰輔酶A合成酶1mRNA表達(dá)量都顯著高于Control組(P0.05),而HIV組差異不顯著(P0.05)。綜上所述,日糧中添加異戊酸能夠促進(jìn)斷奶前后犢牛瘤胃發(fā)育,其適宜水平為6g/d。
[Abstract]:24 Holstein lactating calves of 10 days old (45.09 鹵0.90 kg),) were randomly divided into four groups. The Control group was fed with basal diet, and the LIV,MIV and HIV groups were fed with 3F6 and 9g/d isovaleric acid at 30 days of age, respectively. The effects of different levels of isovaleric acid on rumen development of calves before and after weaning were studied. The results showed that: 1 the gastric weight and total gastric weight in the four gastric chambers were higher than those in the Control group at each day of age (P0.05). 2 the rumen to total gastric weight in the Control group was significantly higher than that in the Control group (P0.05), while MIV, was significantly higher in the four chambers than in the Control group (P0.05). There was no significant difference among the HIV groups (P0.05). 3The morphological indexes of five parts of rumen in the HIV group were significantly higher than those in the Control group (P0.05). 4 Total volatile fatty acids (TFA), acetic acid (acetic acid) in rumen fluid of the HIV group were significantly higher than those in the Control group. Acetic acid / propionic acid was significantly higher than control group (P0.05), valeric acid, ammonia nitrogen and pH were significantly lower than Control group (P0.05). Among them, there was no significant difference between MIV,HIV group and Control group (P0.05). The activity of filter paper enzyme, 偽 -amylase and 尾 -amylase in 30 day old calves of MIV,HIV group was significantly higher than that of Control group (P0.05). Carboxymethyl cellulase activity, xylanase and Pectinase activity in 60 and 90 days of age were significantly higher than those in Control group (P0.05). The expression of insulin receptor mRNA was significantly higher than that of Control group (P0.05), and there was no significant difference in MIV,HIV group (P0.05). The expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor mRNA in posterior abdominal caecal capsule was significantly higher than that in Control group (P0.05). The expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coA synthase 1mRNA was significantly higher in HIV group than in Control group (P0.05), but there was no significant difference in HIV group (P0.05). In conclusion, supplementation of isovaleric acid in diet could promote rumen development of calves before and after weaning, and its suitable level was 6 g / d.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山西農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S823.5

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