代謝能和粗蛋白水平對科寶肉雞生長性能、屠宰性能及養(yǎng)分表觀代謝率的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-16 08:08
【摘要】：本試驗旨在通過二次回歸正交旋轉組合設計,通過不同水平代謝能和粗蛋白組合對科寶肉雞生產性能、屠宰性能、養(yǎng)分表觀代謝率和腸道消化酶活性以及血清生化指標的影響,確定不同階段肉雞飼糧代謝能和粗蛋白水平的最佳組合,為肉雞精細營養(yǎng)及標準化高效養(yǎng)殖提供理論依據(jù)。試驗采用二因子二次回歸正交旋轉組合設計,以代謝能和粗蛋白為兩個試驗因子,結合肉雞生長性能和屠宰性能等建立回歸方程,通過擬合得到其目標方程的最佳參數(shù),并就各試驗測定指標對優(yōu)化值的影響進行分析。試驗分為兩個階段:0-21d為第一階段,選取1日齡,健康、體重接近的科寶肉雞480只,隨機分成12個組,每個組4個重復,每個重復10只雞,公母各半;22-42d為第二階段,分組同第一階段。試驗飼糧為玉米-豆粕型,其中1-8組為試驗組,9-12組為中心組(即零水平組),中心組設定為4個組,中心組飼糧營養(yǎng)水平相同,用來保持二次回歸正交旋轉組合的設計旋轉性的穩(wěn)定性。中心組飼糧水平代謝能和粗蛋白水平分別為:1-21 d:12.4 MJ/kg,21%;22-42 d:12.8 MJ/kg,20%;其它各試驗組根據(jù)二次回歸正交旋轉組合設計參數(shù)表,設定飼糧代謝能(ME)和粗蛋白(CP)水平。試驗結果表明:(1)1-21d科寶肉雞:飼糧中適宜的代謝能和粗蛋白水平可顯著改善1-21d肉仔雞的平均日增重、料重比、胸肌率、腿肌率并降低腹脂率(P0.05),顯著提高飼糧粗脂肪、粗蛋白的表觀代謝率(P0.05),提高腸道胰蛋白酶活性(P0.05),提高血清中葡萄糖和白蛋白的含量(P0.05),降低甘油三酯和尿酸的含量(P0.05)。響應面圖和回歸分析顯示,當飼糧代謝能水平為10.05~12.40MJ/kg時,隨著粗蛋白水平的上升。平均日增重逐漸增大,粗蛋白水平進一步增加,對于ADG影響逐漸變小。ME:CP為11.80MJ/kg:22.85%時,平均日采食量最大;ME:CP為12.15MJ/kg:20.65%時,料重比最小為1.65;ME和CP分別在12.05~12.15MJ/kg和20.85%~21.25%時,可以獲得較高的胸肌率和腿肌率,同時腹脂率較低。(2)22-42d:飼糧中適宜的代謝能和粗蛋白水平可顯著改善22-42d肉仔雞的平均日增重、料重比(P0.05),改善肉雞胸肌、腿肌率并降低腹脂率(P0.05),顯著提高對飼糧粗蛋白和粗脂肪的表觀代謝率(P0.05),顯著提高腸道脂肪酶和胰蛋白酶的活性(P0.05),提高血清中葡萄糖、甘油三酯和尿酸的含量(P0.05)。非線性回歸分析及響應面圖顯示,當CP在20.00%左右時,ME為10.80MJ/kg~12.80MJ/kg時,平均日增重處于較高水平,但當ME為14.21 MJ/kg~14.80 MJ/kg時,平均日增重有下降趨勢;當ME和CP為12.70 MJ/kg,19.78%時,可達到最大平均日采食量;當ME和CP為12.65 MJ/kg,20.16%時,料重比最小為1.95;ME和CP分別為12.68MJ/kg和20.15%時,可獲得理論上最大的胸肌率;ME和CP分別為12.75MJ/kg和20.10%時獲得較好腿肌率;ME和CP為12.70MJ/kg和19.55%時,腹脂沉積率最低。綜上所述,飼糧中適宜的代謝能和粗蛋白水平可以顯著改善科寶肉雞生產性能和屠宰性能,提高營養(yǎng)物質表觀代謝率,增強腸道消化酶活性,并對血清中各生化指標起到平衡作用.在本試驗條件下,不同階段科寶肉雞飼糧代謝能和粗蛋白水平建議為:1-21d:代謝能:12.05~12.35 MJ/kg,粗蛋白:20.85%~21.25%;22-42d:代謝能:12.68~12.95MJ/kg,粗蛋白:19.78%~20.15%。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this test is to design the performance, the slaughter performance, the apparent metabolic rate of the nutrients and the activity of the intestinal digestive enzyme and the serum biochemical indexes through the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design. the optimal combination of the metabolic energy and the crude protein level of the broiler chickens in different stages is determined, and the theoretical basis is provided for the fine nutrition of the broiler and the standardized and high-efficiency cultivation. in that experiment, a two-factor quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design is adopted, the metabolic energy and the crude protein are two test factors, a regression equation is established in combination with the growth performance and the slaughter performance of the broiler, and the optimal parameters of the target equation are obtained through fitting, and the influence of each test measurement index on the optimization value is analyzed. The experiment was divided into two stages: 0-21d was the first stage, and 480 chickens were randomly divided into 12 groups, and each group was divided into 12 groups. The experimental feed was of the maize-soybean meal type, of which 1-8 was the test group, the 9-12 group was the central group (i.e., the zero-level group), the central group was set to 4 groups, the feeding level of the central group was the same, and it was used to maintain the stability of the design and rotation of the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination. The horizontal metabolic energy and the crude protein level of the central group were: 1-21 d: 12. 4 MJ/ kg, 21%; 22-42 d: 12. 8 MJ/ kg, 20%; and the other test groups, according to the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design parameter table, set the feed grain metabolic energy (ME) and the crude protein (CP) level. The results showed that: (1) 1-21d Broilers: The appropriate metabolic energy and crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the average daily gain, the weight ratio, the pectoral muscle rate and the leg muscle rate of the 1-21d broiler, and lower the abdominal fat rate (P0.05), and obviously improve the apparent metabolic rate of the crude protein and the crude protein (P0.05). The activity of the intestinal trypsin was increased (P0.05), and the content of glucose and albumin in the serum was increased (P0.05), and the content of triglyceride and uric acid was decreased (P0.05). The response surface map and the regression analysis show that the level of the crude protein increases with the level of the crude protein when the level of the metabolic energy of the feed is 10.05-12.40MJ/ kg. The average daily gain gradually increased, and the crude protein level further increased, and the effect on the ADG gradually decreased. ME: CP was 11.80MJ/ kg: 22.85%, the average daily feed intake was the most; the ME: CP was 12.15MJ/ kg: 20.65%, the weight ratio was 1.65, ME and CP were 12.05-12.15MJ/ kg and 20.85% -21. 25%, respectively. (2) 22-42d: The appropriate metabolic energy and crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the average daily gain and the weight ratio of the 22-42d broiler (P0.05), improve the pectoral muscle and leg muscle rate of the broiler and lower the abdominal fat rate (P0.05), and obviously improve the apparent metabolic rate of the coarse protein and the crude fat (P0.05). The activity of the intestinal lipase and the trypsin was significantly increased (P0.05), and the content of glucose, triglyceride and uric acid in the serum was increased (P0.05). The non-linear regression analysis and response surface graph show that, when the CP is about 20. 00%, the average daily gain is at a higher level when the content of the ME is 10.80MJ/ kg-12.80MJ/ kg, but when the ME is 14.21 MJ/ kg to 14.80 MJ/ kg, the average daily gain is decreased; when the ME and the CP are 12.70 MJ/ kg and 19.78%, the maximum average daily feed intake can be achieved; When ME and CP were 12.65 MJ/ kg and 20. 16%, the weight ratio of ME and CP was 1.95, ME and CP were 12.68MJ/ kg and 20.15%, respectively. The best pectoral muscle rate was obtained when ME and CP were 12.75MJ/ kg and 20.10%, respectively. In conclusion, the appropriate metabolic energy and the crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the production performance and the slaughter performance of the Cough Broilers, increase the apparent metabolic rate of the nutrient substances, enhance the activity of the intestinal digestive enzymes, and play a balance role in the biochemical indexes in the serum. Under the condition of this test, the dietary metabolic energy and crude protein level of the broiler chickens at different stages were as follows: 1-21d: metabolic energy: 12.05-12.35 MJ/ kg, crude protein: 20. 85%-21. 25%; 22-42d: metabolic energy: 12.68-125.95MJ/ kg, crude protein: 19.78%-20. 15%.
【學位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831.5
本文編號：2334954
[Abstract]:The purpose of this test is to design the performance, the slaughter performance, the apparent metabolic rate of the nutrients and the activity of the intestinal digestive enzyme and the serum biochemical indexes through the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design. the optimal combination of the metabolic energy and the crude protein level of the broiler chickens in different stages is determined, and the theoretical basis is provided for the fine nutrition of the broiler and the standardized and high-efficiency cultivation. in that experiment, a two-factor quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design is adopted, the metabolic energy and the crude protein are two test factors, a regression equation is established in combination with the growth performance and the slaughter performance of the broiler, and the optimal parameters of the target equation are obtained through fitting, and the influence of each test measurement index on the optimization value is analyzed. The experiment was divided into two stages: 0-21d was the first stage, and 480 chickens were randomly divided into 12 groups, and each group was divided into 12 groups. The experimental feed was of the maize-soybean meal type, of which 1-8 was the test group, the 9-12 group was the central group (i.e., the zero-level group), the central group was set to 4 groups, the feeding level of the central group was the same, and it was used to maintain the stability of the design and rotation of the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination. The horizontal metabolic energy and the crude protein level of the central group were: 1-21 d: 12. 4 MJ/ kg, 21%; 22-42 d: 12. 8 MJ/ kg, 20%; and the other test groups, according to the quadratic regression orthogonal rotation combination design parameter table, set the feed grain metabolic energy (ME) and the crude protein (CP) level. The results showed that: (1) 1-21d Broilers: The appropriate metabolic energy and crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the average daily gain, the weight ratio, the pectoral muscle rate and the leg muscle rate of the 1-21d broiler, and lower the abdominal fat rate (P0.05), and obviously improve the apparent metabolic rate of the crude protein and the crude protein (P0.05). The activity of the intestinal trypsin was increased (P0.05), and the content of glucose and albumin in the serum was increased (P0.05), and the content of triglyceride and uric acid was decreased (P0.05). The response surface map and the regression analysis show that the level of the crude protein increases with the level of the crude protein when the level of the metabolic energy of the feed is 10.05-12.40MJ/ kg. The average daily gain gradually increased, and the crude protein level further increased, and the effect on the ADG gradually decreased. ME: CP was 11.80MJ/ kg: 22.85%, the average daily feed intake was the most; the ME: CP was 12.15MJ/ kg: 20.65%, the weight ratio was 1.65, ME and CP were 12.05-12.15MJ/ kg and 20.85% -21. 25%, respectively. (2) 22-42d: The appropriate metabolic energy and crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the average daily gain and the weight ratio of the 22-42d broiler (P0.05), improve the pectoral muscle and leg muscle rate of the broiler and lower the abdominal fat rate (P0.05), and obviously improve the apparent metabolic rate of the coarse protein and the crude fat (P0.05). The activity of the intestinal lipase and the trypsin was significantly increased (P0.05), and the content of glucose, triglyceride and uric acid in the serum was increased (P0.05). The non-linear regression analysis and response surface graph show that, when the CP is about 20. 00%, the average daily gain is at a higher level when the content of the ME is 10.80MJ/ kg-12.80MJ/ kg, but when the ME is 14.21 MJ/ kg to 14.80 MJ/ kg, the average daily gain is decreased; when the ME and the CP are 12.70 MJ/ kg and 19.78%, the maximum average daily feed intake can be achieved; When ME and CP were 12.65 MJ/ kg and 20. 16%, the weight ratio of ME and CP was 1.95, ME and CP were 12.68MJ/ kg and 20.15%, respectively. The best pectoral muscle rate was obtained when ME and CP were 12.75MJ/ kg and 20.10%, respectively. In conclusion, the appropriate metabolic energy and the crude protein level in the feed can significantly improve the production performance and the slaughter performance of the Cough Broilers, increase the apparent metabolic rate of the nutrient substances, enhance the activity of the intestinal digestive enzymes, and play a balance role in the biochemical indexes in the serum. Under the condition of this test, the dietary metabolic energy and crude protein level of the broiler chickens at different stages were as follows: 1-21d: metabolic energy: 12.05-12.35 MJ/ kg, crude protein: 20. 85%-21. 25%; 22-42d: metabolic energy: 12.68-125.95MJ/ kg, crude protein: 19.78%-20. 15%.
【學位授予單位】：廣東海洋大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831.5
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