【摘要】：甜菜堿可替代肉雞日糧中部分蛋氨酸而不影響肉雞的生產(chǎn)性能和屠宰性能,但有關(guān)甜菜堿替代蛋氨酸對肉雞的消化酶活性和肌肉品質(zhì)及氨基酸含量的影響則鮮見報道。為此,本文以AA肉雞為試驗(yàn)對象,研究無水甜菜堿等量替代不同水平日糧中添加的蛋氨酸對肉雞生長發(fā)育、消化酶活性、養(yǎng)分表觀代謝率、肌肉抗氧化功能、肌肉品質(zhì)和氨基酸含量的影響,探討無水甜菜堿替代蛋氨酸的合理比例,以期為無水甜菜堿在肉雞生產(chǎn)中的合理應(yīng)用提供參考。將192只1日齡AA肉雞隨機(jī)分成4組,每組6個重復(fù),每重復(fù)8只雞,試驗(yàn)期為42 d。對照組飼喂基礎(chǔ)日糧(前、后期蛋氨酸添加量分別為0.14%和0.08%,蛋氨酸總量分別為0.5%和0.42%),試驗(yàn)組分別以等量的無水甜菜堿替代基礎(chǔ)日糧中所添加蛋氨酸的25%(B25%)、50%(B50%)和100%(B100%)。試驗(yàn)共分為三部分:試驗(yàn)一,研究無水甜菜堿替代不同水平蛋氨酸對肉雞生產(chǎn)性能、器官發(fā)育和免疫功能的影響。結(jié)果表明:1.無水甜菜堿替代蛋氨酸對肉雞生產(chǎn)性能無不良影響,也不影響血清中生長激素(GH)、胰島素樣生長因子Ⅰ(IGF-Ⅰ)含量及代謝酶活性(P0.05)。2.與對照組相比,各替代組不影響肉雞器官指數(shù)(P0.05),但50%替代組42 d肝臟指數(shù)顯著高于25%替代組(P0.05)。3.各替代組血清免疫相關(guān)指標(biāo)與對照組相近(P0.05),但與25%替代組相比,100%替代組21 d IgG含量顯著降低(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)二,研究無水甜菜堿替代不同水平蛋氨酸對肉雞屠宰性能、血清指標(biāo)、消化酶活性及養(yǎng)分表觀代謝率的影響。結(jié)果表明:1.各替代組肉雞屠宰性能相近,對肝臟、胸肌粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量也無影響(P0.05)。2.與對照組相比,50%、100%替代組顯著降低21 d血清總蛋白(TP)和尿素氮(BUN)含量,提高42d甘油三酯(TG)含量,100%替代組顯著降低21 d球蛋白(GLB)含量(P0.05)。3.100%替代組胰腺糜蛋白酶活性顯著提高,50%替代組粗蛋白表觀代謝率顯著提高(P0.05)。試驗(yàn)三,研究無水甜菜堿替代不同水平蛋氨酸對肉雞胸肌抗氧化能力、肉品質(zhì)及氨基酸含量的影響。結(jié)果表明:1.與對照組相比,各替代組不影響胸肌抗氧化指標(biāo)(P0.05),僅100%替代組降低谷胱甘肽過氧化物酶(GPX)活性(P0.05)。2.100%替代組顯著降低胸肌24 h pH值,提高壓力損失(P0.05),但其他替代組不影響肌肉品質(zhì)(P0.05)。3.無水甜菜堿替代組均不同程度影響胸肌氨基酸含量。與對照組相比,各替代組顯著降低天冬氨酸(Asp)含量(P0.05);25%替代組顯著降低苯丙氨酸(Phe)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量(P0.05);50%、100%替代組亮氨酸(Leu)、賴氨酸(Lys)和總氨基酸(TAA)含量顯著降低(P0.05);100%替代組還顯著降低Phe、蘇氨酸(Thr)和絲氨酸(Ser)含量(P0.05)。各替代組甘氨酸(Gly)含量與對照組相近(P0.05),但與25%替代組相比,100%替代組顯著降低(P0.05)。與對照組和100%替代組相比,25%、50%替代組顯著升高半胱氨酸(Cys)含量(P0.05)。蛋氨酸(Met)、酪氨酸(Tyr)、谷氨酸(Glu)、必需氨基酸(EAA)和非必需氨基酸(NEAA)含量隨替代水平的升高呈現(xiàn)降低趨勢(P0.1)。本試驗(yàn)研究表明:無水甜菜堿等量替代基礎(chǔ)日糧中添加的蛋氨酸對肉雞的生長發(fā)育及屠宰性能無不良影響,但隨替代水平的升高,肌肉抗氧化能力、肉品質(zhì)和氨基酸含量下降。在本研究條件下,無水甜菜堿替代25%添加的蛋氨酸可獲得較好的生產(chǎn)性能,而又不影響胸肌的肉品質(zhì)和氨基酸含量。
[Abstract]:The effect of betaine on the digestive enzyme activity and the muscle quality and the amino acid content of the broiler chickens is not affected by the effect of betaine on the digestive enzyme activity and the muscle quality and the amino acid content of the broiler chickens. The effects of methionine on the growth and development of the broiler, the activity of the digestive enzyme, the apparent metabolic rate of the nutrient, the antioxidant function of the muscle, the muscle quality and the amino acid content were studied in this paper. The reasonable proportion of the water-free betaines to the methionine was discussed, with a view to providing the reference for the rational application of the anhydrous betaine in the production of the broiler. in that control group, the amount of methionine was 0. 14% and 0. 08%, and the total amount of methionine was 0. 5% and 0. 42%, respectively. In the test group, 25% (B25%), 50% (B50%) and 100% (B100%) of methionine added to the basal diet were replaced with the same amount of anhydrous betaine, respectively. The effects of different levels of methionine on the performance, organ development and immune function of broiler were studied. The results show that: 1. The content of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and the activity of metabolizing enzyme (P0.05) in serum were not affected by the replacement of methionine with anhydrous betaine. Compared with the control group, the index of the organ of the broiler was not affected by the replacement group (P0.05), but the liver index of the 50% replacement group was significantly higher than that of the 25% replacement group (P0.05). Compared with the control group (P0.05), the serum immune-related index of the replacement group was similar to that of the control group (P0.05), but the content of the 21-d IgG in the 100% replacement group was significantly lower than that of the 25% replacement group (P0.05). The effects of different levels of methionine on the slaughter performance, serum index, digestive enzyme activity and apparent metabolic rate of broiler were studied. The results show that: 1. The slaughter performance of broiler chickens was similar, and the content of crude protein and crude fat in the liver, pectoral muscle and crude fat had no effect (P0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of total protein (TP) and urea nitrogen (BUN) in the 21-d serum was significantly reduced by 50% and 100%. The content of triglyceride (TG) was increased, and the content of 21 d globulin (GLB) was significantly decreased in the 100% replacement group (P <0.05). The activity of the pancreatic chymotrypsin in the replacement group was significantly increased in the 100% replacement group, and the apparent metabolic rate of the crude protein in the 50% replacement group was significantly increased (P0.05). The effects of water-free betaine on the antioxidant capacity, meat quality and amino acid content of the pectoral muscle of the broiler were studied. The results show that: 1. Compared with the control group, the anti-oxidation index of the pectoral muscle was not affected by the replacement group (P0.05). Only 100% of the replacement group decreased the activity of the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) (P0.05). The content of the amino acid of the pectoral muscle was affected to different extent in the non-aqueous betaine replacement group. Compared with the control group, the substitution group significantly reduced the content of aspartic acid (Asp) (P0.05); 25% of the replacement group significantly reduced the content of phenylalanine (Phe) and proline (Pro) (P0.05); 50%, 100% of the substitution group leucine (Leu), The content of lysine (Lys) and total amino acid (TAA) was significantly lower (P0.05); in the 100% substitution group, the content of Phe, threonine (Thr) and serine (Ser) was significantly reduced (P0.05). The content of glycine (Gly) in the replacement group was similar to that of the control group (P0.05). However, the content of glycine (Gly) in the replacement group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P0.05). Compared with the control group and the 100% replacement group, the content of cysteine (Cys) was significantly increased in the 50% replacement group (P0.05). The levels of methionine (Met), tyrosine (Tyr), glutamic acid (Glu), essential amino acids (EAA) and non-essential amino acids (NEAA) decreased with the level of substitution (P0.01). The results of this study show that the amount of methionine added to the basic daily ration of the anhydrous betaine has no adverse effect on the growth and the slaughter performance of the broiler, but with the increase of the substitution level, the antioxidant capacity of the muscle, the meat quality and the amino acid content decrease. Under the conditions of this study, the replacement of 25% of methionine with anhydrous betaine can achieve better production performance without affecting the meat quality and amino acid content of the pectoral muscle.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S831.5

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