內(nèi)蒙古草原生產(chǎn)力與氣候變化關(guān)系及公元1-2000年ANPP的重建
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-07 11:53
【摘要】：草原是生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,植被地上凈初級生產(chǎn)力(ANPP)是表征陸地生態(tài)過程的重要參數(shù),對了解全球碳平衡有著重要作用。草原生產(chǎn)力強烈地依賴自然環(huán)境和氣候變化,目前我們對千年尺度上的草地生產(chǎn)力變化的認(rèn)識幾乎是空白。本文利用近60a年的實測氣象資料及公元1-2000年重建的高精度歷史氣候資料,基于一些假設(shè)條件的前提,選取海拉爾、錫林浩特、百靈廟作為草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原的代表站點,借助CENTURY模型重建了公元1-2000年內(nèi)蒙古不同草原生產(chǎn)力的序列,在此基礎(chǔ)上,綜合應(yīng)用Pearson相關(guān)、連續(xù)小波和交叉小波等統(tǒng)計方法,探討不同草原ANPP的周期特征及其與溫度、降水量之間關(guān)系,分析ANPP時空分布特征,得到的主要結(jié)論如下:1)利用1982-2006年衛(wèi)星資料反演的草原年均NDVI和氣象數(shù)據(jù),CENTURY模型模擬草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原ANPP與同期NDVI有很好的一致性,通過了 99%的信度水平檢驗,表明CENTURY模型能夠很好反映ANPP的變化特征。2)近60a內(nèi)蒙古草甸草原、典型草原、荒漠草原氣候均呈現(xiàn)出增溫的趨勢。3類草原ANPP年際波動顯著,與典型草原有輕微下降趨勢不同,草甸和荒漠草原有輕微上升趨勢。典型草原ANPP波動幅度最大,荒漠草原次之,草甸草原最小;草甸草原生產(chǎn)力最高,荒漠草原最低,典型草原居中。3類草原草原ANPP存在準(zhǔn)3～5a顯著振蕩周期,典型草原ANPP還存在準(zhǔn)7a顯著振蕩周期,荒漠草原ANPP還存在準(zhǔn)9a的振蕩周期。草甸草原ANPP主要受溫度控制,溫度越高,ANPP越大,典型草原和荒漠草原主要受降水控制,升溫不利于ANPP的增加,3)重建所得公元1-2000年內(nèi)蒙古草甸草原、典型草原和荒漠草原ANPP長期波動大體相似,其中在魏晉和明清小冰期有明顯的低值階段,公元600-1200年為高值期。ANPP均具有顯著的周期特性,草甸草原ANPP有準(zhǔn)300a、準(zhǔn)150a和準(zhǔn)50a顯著周期,典型草原ANPP有準(zhǔn)280a和準(zhǔn)64a顯著周期,荒漠草原ANPP有準(zhǔn)256a和64a顯著周期。降水和溫度對草原生產(chǎn)力有重大影響,但在對不同類型的草原影響有所不同。典型草原和荒漠草原主要受降水控制,草甸草原受降水和溫度共同控制。4)內(nèi)蒙古草原區(qū)1-2000年ANPP均值存在明顯的空間差異,自東向西呈現(xiàn)為不規(guī)則帶狀格局。2000年ANPP均值分布圖中,ANPP大于140gC/m2、大于80小于140gC/m2、小于80gC/m2區(qū)域分別與草甸、典型和荒漠草原區(qū)相對應(yīng)。相比2000年ANPP均值分布,暖期草甸草原面積普遍增加,冷期草甸和典型草原面積的顯著減少。溫暖濕潤的氣候會使得荒漠草原轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)榈湫筒菰虿莸椴菰?干燥和寒冷的天氣會使得草地區(qū)域荒漠化,荒漠草原面積增加。以上研究結(jié)果將有助于在更長時間尺度內(nèi)了解全球碳循環(huán)、草原游牧民族各部落畜牧經(jīng)濟的變化以及合理開發(fā)利用草原自然資源提供理論支撐。
[Abstract]:Grassland is an important part of ecosystem. (ANPP) is an important parameter to characterize terrestrial ecological process and plays an important role in understanding the global carbon balance. Grassland productivity strongly depends on natural environment and climate change. At present, our understanding of grassland productivity change on millennium scale is almost blank. In this paper, the Hailar, Xilinhaote and Bailingmiao are selected as meadow grasslands based on the measured meteorological data of nearly 60 years and the high-precision historical and climatic data reconstructed from 1-2000 AD, based on some hypothetical conditions. The representative sites of typical steppe and desert steppe have reconstructed the sequences of different grassland productivity in Inner Mongolia from 1 to 2000 AD with the help of CENTURY model. On this basis, the statistical methods such as Pearson correlation, continuous wavelet and cross wavelet are used synthetically. This paper discusses the periodic characteristics of ANPP in different steppe and its relationship with temperature and precipitation, and analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of ANPP. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the average annual NDVI and meteorological data of steppe retrieved by satellite data from 1982 to 2006; CENTURY model can simulate meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe have good consistency with NDVI in the same period. The reliability level test of 99% indicates that CENTURY model can well reflect the change characteristic of ANPP. 2) Inner Mongolia meadow steppe in recent 60 years. The climate of typical steppe and desert steppe showed a trend of increasing temperature. The interannual fluctuation of ANPP of three steppe was significant, which was different from that of typical steppe, and that of meadow and desert steppe increased slightly. The range of ANPP fluctuation in typical steppe was the largest, followed by desert steppe and meadow steppe. The productivity of meadow steppe is the highest, the desert steppe is the lowest, and the typical steppe is in the middle. The three types of steppe ANPP have quasi-3 ~ 5 years significant oscillation period, typical steppe ANPP has a quasi-7 year notable oscillation period, and the desert steppe ANPP also has a quasi-9 year oscillation period. The ANPP of meadow steppe is mainly controlled by temperature, the higher the temperature is, the larger the ANPP is. The typical steppe and desert steppe are mainly controlled by precipitation, and the increase of temperature is not conducive to the increase of ANPP. The long-term fluctuation of ANPP in typical steppe and desert steppe was similar, among which there was a low value stage in the small ice age of Wei, Jin and Ming and Qing dynasties, and a high value period in 600-1200 AD. ANPP had significant periodic characteristics, and ANPP in meadow steppe had quasi-300a. The typical grassland ANPP has a quasi-280a and quasi-64a significant cycles, and the desert steppe ANPP has a quasi-256a and 64a significant cycles. Precipitation and temperature have great influence on grassland productivity, but have different effects on different types of grassland. The typical steppe and desert steppe are mainly controlled by precipitation, while the meadow steppe is controlled by precipitation and temperature. 4) there is a significant spatial difference in the mean value of ANPP between 1-2000 years in Inner Mongolia steppe. From east to west, an irregular zonal pattern appeared. In the mean value distribution of ANPP in 2000, ANPP was greater than 140 g C / m 2, more than 80 < 140 g C / m 2, and smaller than 80gC/m2 area corresponding to meadow, typical and desert grassland respectively. Compared with the mean distribution of ANPP in 2000, the grassland area of meadow in warm period generally increased, and the meadow and typical grassland area in cold period decreased significantly. The warm and humid climate will change the desert steppe into typical steppe or meadow steppe; the dry and cold weather will make the grassland area desertification and increase the desert grassland area. The above results will be helpful to understand the global carbon cycle in a longer time scale, to provide theoretical support for the changes of pastoral economy of nomadic tribes and the rational exploitation and utilization of grassland natural resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S812
本文編號：2316285
[Abstract]:Grassland is an important part of ecosystem. (ANPP) is an important parameter to characterize terrestrial ecological process and plays an important role in understanding the global carbon balance. Grassland productivity strongly depends on natural environment and climate change. At present, our understanding of grassland productivity change on millennium scale is almost blank. In this paper, the Hailar, Xilinhaote and Bailingmiao are selected as meadow grasslands based on the measured meteorological data of nearly 60 years and the high-precision historical and climatic data reconstructed from 1-2000 AD, based on some hypothetical conditions. The representative sites of typical steppe and desert steppe have reconstructed the sequences of different grassland productivity in Inner Mongolia from 1 to 2000 AD with the help of CENTURY model. On this basis, the statistical methods such as Pearson correlation, continuous wavelet and cross wavelet are used synthetically. This paper discusses the periodic characteristics of ANPP in different steppe and its relationship with temperature and precipitation, and analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution of ANPP. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) the average annual NDVI and meteorological data of steppe retrieved by satellite data from 1982 to 2006; CENTURY model can simulate meadow steppe, typical steppe and desert steppe have good consistency with NDVI in the same period. The reliability level test of 99% indicates that CENTURY model can well reflect the change characteristic of ANPP. 2) Inner Mongolia meadow steppe in recent 60 years. The climate of typical steppe and desert steppe showed a trend of increasing temperature. The interannual fluctuation of ANPP of three steppe was significant, which was different from that of typical steppe, and that of meadow and desert steppe increased slightly. The range of ANPP fluctuation in typical steppe was the largest, followed by desert steppe and meadow steppe. The productivity of meadow steppe is the highest, the desert steppe is the lowest, and the typical steppe is in the middle. The three types of steppe ANPP have quasi-3 ~ 5 years significant oscillation period, typical steppe ANPP has a quasi-7 year notable oscillation period, and the desert steppe ANPP also has a quasi-9 year oscillation period. The ANPP of meadow steppe is mainly controlled by temperature, the higher the temperature is, the larger the ANPP is. The typical steppe and desert steppe are mainly controlled by precipitation, and the increase of temperature is not conducive to the increase of ANPP. The long-term fluctuation of ANPP in typical steppe and desert steppe was similar, among which there was a low value stage in the small ice age of Wei, Jin and Ming and Qing dynasties, and a high value period in 600-1200 AD. ANPP had significant periodic characteristics, and ANPP in meadow steppe had quasi-300a. The typical grassland ANPP has a quasi-280a and quasi-64a significant cycles, and the desert steppe ANPP has a quasi-256a and 64a significant cycles. Precipitation and temperature have great influence on grassland productivity, but have different effects on different types of grassland. The typical steppe and desert steppe are mainly controlled by precipitation, while the meadow steppe is controlled by precipitation and temperature. 4) there is a significant spatial difference in the mean value of ANPP between 1-2000 years in Inner Mongolia steppe. From east to west, an irregular zonal pattern appeared. In the mean value distribution of ANPP in 2000, ANPP was greater than 140 g C / m 2, more than 80 < 140 g C / m 2, and smaller than 80gC/m2 area corresponding to meadow, typical and desert grassland respectively. Compared with the mean distribution of ANPP in 2000, the grassland area of meadow in warm period generally increased, and the meadow and typical grassland area in cold period decreased significantly. The warm and humid climate will change the desert steppe into typical steppe or meadow steppe; the dry and cold weather will make the grassland area desertification and increase the desert grassland area. The above results will be helpful to understand the global carbon cycle in a longer time scale, to provide theoretical support for the changes of pastoral economy of nomadic tribes and the rational exploitation and utilization of grassland natural resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S812
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