發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-11-03 19:41

【摘要】：中國(guó)一直是一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),含有非常充分的秸稈資源,可是利用秸稈的效率卻顯示下降趨勢(shì),這是因?yàn)槠湮幢惶幚肀阒苯舆M(jìn)行焚燒,不僅效率低,并且會(huì)釋放CO、SO2對(duì)環(huán)境造成污染;同時(shí)我國(guó)作為一個(gè)農(nóng)業(yè)大國(guó),蛋白質(zhì)供給還很欠缺,秸稈被視作廢物扔棄,既對(duì)資源進(jìn)行了浪費(fèi)又對(duì)環(huán)境造成了污染。農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品的出產(chǎn)環(huán)境保護(hù)作為國(guó)內(nèi)現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)建設(shè)的重要部分之一,農(nóng)業(yè)廢棄物的資源化利用是其重要的研究?jī)?nèi)容之一。倘若可以深度開(kāi)發(fā)并應(yīng)用植物的秸稈,將它轉(zhuǎn)變成優(yōu)等搭配蛋白飼料,形成出一種全新的蛋白資源,會(huì)對(duì)我國(guó)的畜牧業(yè)進(jìn)行和飼料工業(yè)影響深遠(yuǎn)。秸稈利用率之所以低是因?yàn)槟阕陨順?gòu)成導(dǎo)致的,秸稈內(nèi)細(xì)胞壁有木質(zhì)素相互交錯(cuò)著半纖維素,同時(shí)里面又有纖維素,這是一種復(fù)雜的混合體,它阻礙了動(dòng)物應(yīng)用與降解半纖維素、纖維素等成分,這樣釋放不出來(lái)秸稈內(nèi)細(xì)胞中有營(yíng)養(yǎng)的物質(zhì),致使它的消化率不高。秸稈的飼料化利用可以從兩方面進(jìn)行。第一:利用堿化法打破木質(zhì)素與半纖維素、纖維素間的化學(xué)鍵,破壞半纖維素——纖維素——木質(zhì)素這種復(fù)合體特殊結(jié)構(gòu);第二:利用微生物方法添加纖維素降解菌降解秸稈纖維素,同時(shí)添加菌體蛋白(酵母菌)從而提高秸稈飼料的蛋白含量。研究結(jié)果表明:1、通過(guò)利用NaCLO2和NaOH對(duì)黃化玉米秸稈進(jìn)行連續(xù)的預(yù)處理,可有效去除玉米秸稈的木質(zhì)素、半纖維素,使纖維素得以保留,在秸稈粒徑1-2厘米時(shí),按玉米秸稈10g與NaCLO2100ml的反應(yīng)比例,在NaCLO2的反應(yīng)濃度為10g/L時(shí),反應(yīng)溫度為70℃,作用時(shí)間是2h,木質(zhì)素去除率是62.33%,利用NaCLO2可以有效去除玉米秸稈的木質(zhì)素;按玉米秸稈10g與NaOH100ml的反應(yīng)比例,在NaOH的反應(yīng)濃度6%時(shí),反應(yīng)溫度為50℃,作用時(shí)間是1.5h,半纖維素去除率是92.17%,利用NaOH以有效去除玉米秸稈的半纖維素。2、以堆肥的牛糞、土壤、綿羊瘤胃液以及腐爛的樹(shù)葉為分離材料,分離獲得高效纖維素分解菌4株,分別隸屬于假單胞菌屬和芽孢桿菌屬,其纖維素酶活分別是30.03U/ml、29.31U/ml、26.87U/ml、35.62U/ml,最大的是腐爛的樹(shù)葉中分離的菌株M3,酶活達(dá)35.62U/ml。選擇菌種M3。3、從土堆肥的秸稈中篩選出的3株酵母菌中,菌株A1在30℃、pH5.0為最適條件,菌株A2在28℃、pH5.0為最適條件,菌株A3在24℃、pH5.0為最適條件。根據(jù)地方氣溫特點(diǎn),菌株A2較為合適。4、選用NaCLO2的反應(yīng)濃度是9.5 g/L,75℃,2h;NaOH溶液質(zhì)量分?jǐn)?shù)是5%,55℃,1.5 h預(yù)處理玉米秸稈,處理后按本試驗(yàn)所給配方進(jìn)行處理,并按本試驗(yàn)添加定量比例的M3和A2混合菌液,邊加邊攪拌,然后裝入適宜的容器里,壓實(shí),封閉,不同條件下發(fā)酵,確定最適發(fā)酵條件。在28℃,Ph5.0條件下培養(yǎng)10d,秸稈飼料前后蛋白含量增加7.4%。
[Abstract]:China has always been a large agricultural country with abundant straw resources, but the efficiency of straw utilization shows a downward trend, because it is burned directly without treatment, which is not only inefficient, but also releases CO,. SO2 pollutes the environment; At the same time, as a large agricultural country, protein supply is still very short, straw is regarded as waste, which not only wastes the resources but also pollutes the environment. The production environment protection of agricultural products is one of the important parts of modern agricultural construction in China, and the resource utilization of agricultural wastes is one of its important research contents. If the straw of plant can be deeply developed and applied, it can be transformed into an excellent protein feed and form a new protein resource, which will have a far-reaching effect on animal husbandry and feed industry in China. The reason why the straw utilization rate is low is because of your own composition, the cell wall of the straw has lignin interlaced with hemicellulose, and there is cellulose in it, which is a complex mixture. It hinders the animal application and degradation of hemicellulose, cellulose and other components, so it can not release nutrients in the straw cells, resulting in its low digestibility. The feed utilization of straw can be carried out from two aspects. The first one is to break the chemical bond between lignin and hemicellulose, cellulose, and destroy the special structure of hemicellulose lignin complex. The second is to increase the protein content of straw feed by adding cellulose-degrading bacteria to straw cellulose and adding bacterial protein (yeast) at the same time. The results showed that: 1, the lignin and hemicellulose could be effectively removed by continuous pretreatment of yellowing corn straw by NaCLO2 and NaOH, so that cellulose could be preserved, when the diameter of straw was 1-2 cm. According to the ratio of corn straw 10g to NaCLO2100ml, when the reaction concentration of NaCLO2 is 10g/L, the reaction temperature is 70 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：2308801