【摘要】：割草場作為牲畜過冬所需飼料的儲備倉庫,在畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展中扮演著十分重要的角色。割草場退化及其改良是目前草地生態(tài)學研究的焦點問題之一。為探索切根、施肥對典型草原割草場的改良效果,本研究以內(nèi)蒙古錫林浩特市毛登牧場內(nèi)羊草(Leymus chinensis)典型草原割草場為研究對象,在切根與未切根樣地分別進行不同梯度的氮磷養(yǎng)分配比添加,對植物群落特征及土壤理化特性進行比較分析,為退化割草場的改良提供理論指導及參考。主要研究結果如下:1、RC3(切根+N12.6g/m2+P2.7g/m2)處理植物群落地上生物量較對照顯著增加 56.63%(P0.05);RC2(切根+N8.4g/m2+P 1.8 g/m2)處理羊草種群地上生物量較對照顯著增加80.32%(P0.05)。2、切根+施肥增加了羊草種群密度,提高了羊草種群地上生物量。施肥使羊草莖葉比值降低,增強了植株的光合作用;但在切根+施肥處理中,莖葉比值升高。3、氣候較濕潤時,切根處理顯著提高了植物群落地上生物量和羊草種群地上生物量(P0.05),施肥處理顯著提高了群落地上生物量(P0.05);降水匱乏時,這種作用均不顯著(P0.05)。切根與施肥處理對群落和種群地上生物量的交互作用不顯著(P0.05)。4、不同改良措施在短期內(nèi)對土壤理化性質無顯著影響(P0.05)。5、RC2處理下割草場生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟效益分別提高813 kg/hm2和233.7 元/hm2。綜上所述,從生態(tài)、生產(chǎn)和經(jīng)濟效益三個方面綜合考慮,在氣候較濕潤年份,切根+N 8.4 g/m2+P 1.8 g/m2是羊草典型草原割草場最合理的改良措施。
[Abstract]:Mowing farm, as a storage warehouse for livestock for winter, plays an important role in the development of animal husbandry. The degradation and improvement of mowing field is one of the focuses in grassland ecology. In order to explore the effect of cutting roots and applying fertilizer on the improvement of typical grassland mowing field, this study took Leymus chinensis (Leymus chinensis) typical grassland mowing field in Maodeng pasture of Xilinhaote, Inner Mongolia as the research object. The nitrogen and phosphorus ratios of different gradients were added in the root-cutting and non-root-cutting plots respectively. The plant community characteristics and soil physicochemical properties were compared and analyzed, which provided theoretical guidance and reference for the improvement of degraded mowing fields. The main results were as follows: 1 the aboveground biomass of the plant community treated with RC3 (N12.6g/m2 P2.7g/m2) increased 56.63% (P0.05) compared with the control; The aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis population treated with RC2 (N8.4g/m2 P 1.8 g/m2) increased significantly by 80.32% (P0.05) compared with the control, and root-cutting fertilization increased the population density and the aboveground biomass of Leymus chinensis population. Fertilization decreased the ratio of stem and leaf of Leymus chinensis and enhanced the photosynthesis of the plants. However, the ratio of stem and leaf increased in the treatment of root-cutting and fertilization. When the climate was wetter, the aboveground biomass of plant community and Leymus chinensis population were significantly increased by root-cutting treatment (P0.05). Fertilization significantly increased the aboveground biomass of the community (P0.05). When precipitation was scarce, the effect was not significant (P0.05). The interaction between root-cutting and fertilization on community and aboveground biomass of population was not significant (P0.05), but different improvement measures had no significant effect on soil physical and chemical properties (P0.05). The production and economic benefit of mowing farm under RC2 treatment were increased by 813 kg/hm2 and 233.7 yuan / hm2., respectively. In conclusion, considering from three aspects of ecology, production and economic benefit, cutting root N 8.4 g/m2 P 1. 8 g/m2 is the most reasonable improvement measure in typical grassland of Leymus chinensis in humid climate year.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S812

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